English
Related papers

Related papers: Automated Learning Rate Scheduler for Large-batch …

200 papers

Due to the scarcity of high-quality data, large language models (LLMs) are often trained on mixtures of data with varying quality levels, even after sophisticated data curation. A natural approach to better leverage high-quality data is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Kairong Luo , Zhenbo Sun , Haodong Wen , Xinyu Shi , Jiarui Cui , Chenyi Dang , Kaifeng Lyu , Wenguang Chen

Large language models (LLMs) are routinely pre-trained on billions of tokens, only to start the process over again once new data becomes available. A much more efficient solution is to continually pre-train these models, saving significant…

We show that learning-rate schedules for large model training behave surprisingly similar to a performance bound from non-smooth convex optimization theory. We provide a bound for the constant schedule with linear cooldown; in particular,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Fabian Schaipp , Alexander Hägele , Adrien Taylor , Umut Simsekli , Francis Bach

Scheduling the batch size to increase is an effective strategy to control gradient noise when training deep neural networks. Current approaches implement scheduling heuristics that neglect structure within the optimization procedure,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Calum Robert MacLellan , Feng Dong

Training neural networks can be challenging, especially as the complexity of the problem increases. Despite using wider or deeper networks, training them can be a tedious process, especially if a wrong choice of the hyperparameter is made.…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-07-30 D. Veerababu , Ashwin A. Raikar , Prasanta K. Ghosh

Modern deep neural network training is typically based on mini-batch stochastic gradient optimization. While the use of large mini-batches increases the available computational parallelism, small batch training has been shown to provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-23 Dominic Masters , Carlo Luschi

Finding the optimal learning rate for language model pretraining is a challenging task. This is not only because there is a complicated correlation between learning rate, batch size, number of training tokens, model size, and other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Yikang Shen , Matthew Stallone , Mayank Mishra , Gaoyuan Zhang , Shawn Tan , Aditya Prasad , Adriana Meza Soria , David D. Cox , Rameswar Panda

The concept of Critical Batch Size, as pioneered by OpenAI, has long served as a foundational principle for large-scale pre-training. However, with the paradigm shift towards the Warmup-Stable-Decay (WSD) learning rate scheduler, we observe…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Yunhua Zhou , Junhao Huang , Shuhao Xing , Yechen Zhang , Runyu Peng , Qiping Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Training deep neural networks with Stochastic Gradient Descent, or its variants, requires careful choice of both learning rate and batch size. While smaller batch sizes generally converge in fewer training epochs, larger batch sizes offer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-15 Aditya Devarakonda , Maxim Naumov , Michael Garland

Learning Rate (LR) is an important hyper-parameter to tune for effective training of deep neural networks (DNNs). Even for the baseline of a constant learning rate, it is non-trivial to choose a good constant value for training a DNN.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Yanzhao Wu , Ling Liu , Juhyun Bae , Ka-Ho Chow , Arun Iyengar , Calton Pu , Wenqi Wei , Lei Yu , Qi Zhang

The learning rate schedule is one of the most impactful aspects of neural network optimization, yet most schedules either follow simple parametric functions or react only to short-term training signals. None of them are supported by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matt L. Sampson , Peter Melchior

Despite significant advances in optimizers for training, most research works use common scheduler choices like Cosine or exponential decay. In this paper, we study \emph{GreedyLR}, a novel scheduler that adaptively adjusts the learning rate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Shreyas Subramanian , Bala Krishnamoorthy , Pranav Murthy

Deep neural networks are typically trained by uniformly sampling large datasets across epochs, despite evidence that not all samples contribute equally throughout learning. Recent work shows that progressively reducing the amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Amar Gahir , Varshil Patel , Shreyank N Gowda

Distributed machine learning is critical for training deep learning models on large datasets with numerous parameters. Current research primarily focuses on leveraging additional hardware resources and powerful computing units to accelerate…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Kuan-Wei Lu , Ding-Yong Hong , Pangfeng Liu , Jan-Jan Wu

Efficiently training large language models requires parallelizing across hundreds of hardware accelerators and invoking various compute and memory optimizations. When combined, many of these strategies have complex interactions regarding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Johannes Hagemann , Samuel Weinbach , Konstantin Dobler , Maximilian Schall , Gerard de Melo

A basic unanswered question in neural network training is: what is the best learning rate schedule shape for a given workload? The choice of learning rate schedule is a key factor in the success or failure of the training process, but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Hiroki Naganuma , Atish Agarwala , Priya Kasimbeg , George E. Dahl

The Learning Rate (LR) has a high impact on deep learning training performance. A common practice is to train a Deep Neural Network (DNN) multiple times with different LR policies to find the optimal LR policy, which has been widely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Hongpeng Jin , Yanzhao Wu

BERT has recently attracted a lot of attention in natural language understanding (NLU) and achieved state-of-the-art results in various NLU tasks. However, its success requires large deep neural networks and huge amount of data, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-21 Shuai Zheng , Haibin Lin , Sheng Zha , Mu Li

The unprecedented growth of deep learning models has enabled remarkable advances but introduced substantial computational bottlenecks. A key factor contributing to training efficiency is batch-size and learning-rate scheduling in stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Hikaru Umeda , Hideaki Iiduka

Batch size scheduling (BSS) plays a critical role in large-scale deep learning training, influencing both optimization dynamics and computational efficiency. Yet, its theoretical foundations remain poorly understood. In this work, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Jinbo Wang , Binghui Li , Zhanpeng Zhou , Mingze Wang , Yuxuan Sun , Jiaqi Zhang , Xunliang Cai , Lei Wu