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Language agents have shown impressive problem-solving skills within defined settings and brief timelines. Yet, with the ever-evolving complexities of open-world simulations, there's a pressing need for agents that can flexibly adapt to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-01-01 Ming Yan , Ruihao Li , Hao Zhang , Hao Wang , Zhilan Yang , Ji Yan

In this work, we propose CARLS, a novel framework for augmenting the capacity of existing deep learning frameworks by enabling multiple components -- model trainers, knowledge makers and knowledge banks -- to concertedly work together in an…

Many advancements have been made in procedural content generation for games, and with mixed-initiative co-creativity, have the potential for great benefits to human designers. However, co-creative systems for game generation are typically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Rohan Agarwal , Zhiyu Lin , Mark Riedl

This paper intends to introduce a game-based 3D Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) to second graders. The impetus arose from the need to make learning in mathematics more effective and interesting through multimedia. Applied in a game, the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2012-03-12 Jean Maitem , Rosmina Joy Cabauatan , Lorena Rabago , Bartolome Tanguilig

Continual learning (CL) is a branch of machine learning that aims to enable agents to adapt and generalise previously learned abilities so that these can be reapplied to new tasks or environments. This is particularly useful in multi-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Kim N. Nolle , Ivana Dusparic , Rhodri Cusack , Vinny Cahill

Learning in multi-agent scenarios is a fruitful research direction, but current approaches still show scalability problems in multiple games with general reward settings and different opponent types. The Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Diego Perez-Liebana , Katja Hofmann , Sharada Prasanna Mohanty , Noboru Kuno , Andre Kramer , Sam Devlin , Raluca D. Gaina , Daniel Ionita

The primary focus of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been to study interactions among a fixed number of agents embedded in an environment. However, in the real world, the number of agents is neither fixed nor known a priori.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Shishir Sharma , Doina Precup , Theodore J. Perkins

Assisted by neural networks, reinforcement learning agents have been able to solve increasingly complex tasks over the last years. The simulation environment in which the agents interact is an essential component in any reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-03 Aqeel Labash , Ardi Tampuu , Tambet Matiisen , Jaan Aru , Raul Vicente

We introduce Terra Nova, a new comprehensive challenge environment (CCE) for reinforcement learning (RL) research inspired by Civilization V. A CCE is a single environment in which multiple canonical RL challenges (e.g., partial…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Trevor McInroe

A central problem in the theory of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is to understand what structural conditions and algorithmic principles lead to sample-efficient learning guarantees, and how these considerations change as we move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Dylan J. Foster , Dean P. Foster , Noah Golowich , Alexander Rakhlin

The coordination of multiple autonomous agents in high-speed, competitive environments represents a significant engineering challenge. This paper presents CRUISE (Curriculum-Based Iterative Self-Play for Scalable Multi-Drone Racing), a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Onur Akgün

Recent research on testing autonomous driving agents has grown significantly, especially in simulation environments. The CARLA simulator is often the preferred choice, and the autonomous agents from the CARLA Leaderboard challenge are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Masoud Jamshidiyan Tehrani , Jinhan Kim , Paolo Tonella

Progress in Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms goes hand-in-hand with the development of challenging environments that test the limits of current methods. While existing RL environments are either sufficiently complex or based on fast…

The pursuit of artificial agents that can learn to master complex environments has led to remarkable successes, yet prevailing deep reinforcement learning methods often rely on immense experience, encoding their knowledge opaquely within…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sai Wang , Yu Wu , Zhongwen Xu

Human-like agents are an increasingly important topic in games and beyond. Believable non-player characters enhance the gaming experience by improving immersion and providing entertainment. They also offer players the opportunity to engage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Maciej Swiechowski , Dominik Slezak

Extensive testing is necessary to ensure the safety of autonomous driving modules. In addition to component tests, the safety assessment of individual modules also requires a holistic view at system level, which can be carried out…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Gemb Kaljavesi , Tobias Kerbl , Tobias Betz , Kirill Mitkovskii , Frank Diermeyer

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a potent tool for sequential decision-making and has achieved performance surpassing human capabilities across many challenging real-world tasks. As the extension of RL in the multi-agent system domain,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Ruiqi Zhang , Jing Hou , Florian Walter , Shangding Gu , Jiayi Guan , Florian Röhrbein , Yali Du , Panpan Cai , Guang Chen , Alois Knoll

Games are widely used as research environments for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), but they pose three significant challenges: limited customization, high computational demands, and oversimplification. To address these issues, we…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Lin Liu , Jian Zhao , Cheng Hu , Zhengtao Cao , Youpeng Zhao , Zhenbin Ye , Meng Meng , Wenjun Wang , Zhaofeng He , Houqiang Li , Xia Lin , Lanxiao Huang

We present an innovative methodology for studying and teaching the impacts of AI through a role play game. The game serves two primary purposes: 1) training AI developers and AI policy professionals to reflect on and prepare for future…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Shahar Avin , Ross Gruetzemacher , James Fox

Model-free reinforcement learning (RL) can be used to learn effective policies for complex tasks, such as Atari games, even from image observations. However, this typically requires very large amounts of interaction -- substantially more,…