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Various conceptual and descriptive models of conversational search have been proposed in the literature -- while useful, they do not provide insights into how interaction between the agent and user would change in response to the costs and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Leif Azzopardi , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas

Google users have different intents from their queries such as acquiring information, buying products, comparing or simulating services, looking for products, and so on. Understanding the right intention of users helps to provide i) better…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Samin Mohammadi , Mathieu Chapon , Arthur Fremond

Conversational Question Answering (ConvQA) models aim at answering a question with its relevant paragraph and previous question-answer pairs that occurred during conversation multiple times. To apply such models to a real-world scenario,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang , Jong C. Park

Human-LLM conversations are increasingly becoming more pervasive in peoples' professional and personal lives, yet many users still struggle to elicit helpful responses from LLM Chatbots. One of the reasons for this issue is users' lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Rupak Sarkar , Bahareh Sarrafzadeh , Nirupama Chandrasekaran , Nagu Rangan , Philip Resnik , Longqi Yang , Sujay Kumar Jauhar

Modern machine learning techniques in the natural language processing domain can be used to automatically generate scripts for goal-oriented dialogue systems. The current article presents a general framework for studying the automatic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Leonid Legashev , Alexander Shukhman , Vadim Badikov

Recommender systems take inputs from user history, use an internal ranking algorithm to generate results and possibly optimize this ranking based on feedback. However, often the recommender system is unaware of the actual intent of the user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2017-11-30 Biswarup Bhattacharya , Iftikhar Burhanuddin , Abhilasha Sancheti , Kushal Satya

Users giving relevance feedback in exploratory search are often uncertain about the correctness of their feedback, which may result in noisy or even erroneous feedback. Additionally, the search intent of the user may be volatile as the user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-05-10 Antti Kangasrääsiö , Yi Chen , Dorota Głowacka , Samuel Kaski

Recently, neural models pretrained on a language modeling task, such as ELMo (Peters et al., 2017), OpenAI GPT (Radford et al., 2018), and BERT (Devlin et al., 2018), have achieved impressive results on various natural language processing…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-15 Rodrigo Nogueira , Kyunghyun Cho

Motivated by the promising performance of pre-trained language models, we investigate BERT in an evidence retrieval and claim verification pipeline for the FEVER fact extraction and verification challenge. To this end, we propose to use two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Amir Soleimani , Christof Monz , Marcel Worring

Conversational search is an emerging topic in the information retrieval community. One of the major challenges to multi-turn conversational search is to model the conversation history to answer the current question. Existing methods either…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Chen Qu , Liu Yang , Minghui Qiu , W. Bruce Croft , Yongfeng Zhang , Mohit Iyyer

Large language models often respond to ambiguous requests by implicitly committing to one interpretation, frustrating users and creating safety risks when that interpretation is wrong. We propose generating a single structured response that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Irina Saparina , Mirella Lapata

Question Generation (QG) is a task of Natural Language Processing (NLP) that aims at automatically generating questions from text. Many applications can benefit from automatically generated questions, but often it is necessary to curate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-27 Hugo Rodrigues , Eric Nyberg , Luisa Coheur

Pre-trained contextualized embedding models such as BERT are a standard building block in many natural language processing systems. We demonstrate that the sentence-level representations produced by some off-the-shelf contextualized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Xiliang Zhu , David Rossouw , Shayna Gardiner , Simon Corston-Oliver

With the increasing popularity of conversational search, how to evaluate the performance of conversational search systems has become an important question in the IR community. Existing works on conversational search evaluation can mainly be…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-25 Zhumin Chu , Qingyao Ai , Zhihong Wang , Yiqun Liu , Yingye Huang , Rui Zhang , Min Zhang , Shaoping Ma

We introduce SetBERT, a fine-tuned BERT-based model designed to enhance query embeddings for set operations and Boolean logic queries, such as Intersection (AND), Difference (NOT), and Union (OR). SetBERT significantly improves retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-27 Quan Mai , Susan Gauch , Douglas Adams

Intent classification and slot filling are two essential tasks for natural language understanding. They often suffer from small-scale human-labeled training data, resulting in poor generalization capability, especially for rare words.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-01 Qian Chen , Zhu Zhuo , Wen Wang

The rapid development of artificial intelligence and robotics has had a significant impact on our lives, with intelligent systems increasingly performing tasks traditionally performed by humans. Efficient knowledge transfer requires…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Phillip Richter , Heiko Wersing , Anna-Lisa Vollmer

Multiple neural language models have been developed recently, e.g., BERT and XLNet, and achieved impressive results in various NLP tasks including sentence classification, question answering and document ranking. In this paper, we explore…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Zhuolin Jiang , Amro El-Jaroudi , William Hartmann , Damianos Karakos , Lingjun Zhao

Bundle recommender systems recommend sets of items (e.g., pants, shirt, and shoes) to users, but they often suffer from two issues: significant interaction sparsity and a large output space. In this work, we extend multi-round…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-27 Zhankui He , Handong Zhao , Tong Yu , Sungchul Kim , Fan Du , Julian McAuley

We present ChatR1, a reasoning framework based on reinforcement learning (RL) for conversational question answering (CQA). Reasoning plays an important role in CQA, where user intent evolves across dialogue turns, and utterances are often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Simon Lupart , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Evangelos Kanoulas