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Machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples. Iterative adversarial training has shown promising results against strong white-box attacks. However, adversarial training is very expensive, and every time a model needs to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Hebi Li , Qi Xiao , Shixin Tian , Jin Tian

Deep Learning (DL) models excel in computer vision tasks but can be susceptible to adversarial examples. This paper introduces Triple-Metric EvoAttack (TM-EVO), an efficient algorithm for evaluating the robustness of object-detection DL…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Cristopher McIntyre-Garcia , Adrien Heymans , Beril Borali , Won-Sook Lee , Shiva Nejati

We investigate how an adversary can optimally use its query budget for targeted evasion attacks against deep neural networks in a black-box setting. We formalize the problem setting and systematically evaluate what benefits the adversary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Mika Juuti , Buse Gul Atli , N. Asokan

Solving for adversarial examples with projected gradient descent has been demonstrated to be highly effective in fooling the neural network based classifiers. However, in the black-box setting, the attacker is limited only to the query…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Seungyong Moon , Gaon An , Hyun Oh Song

Black-box query-based attacks constitute significant threats to Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) systems since they can generate adversarial examples without accessing the target model's architecture and parameters. Traditional defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Ping Guo , Xiang Li , Zhiyuan Yang , Xi Lin , Qingchuan Zhao , Qingfu Zhang

Decision-based evasion attacks repeatedly query a black-box classifier to generate adversarial examples. Prior work measures the cost of such attacks by the total number of queries made to the classifier. We argue this metric is flawed.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Edoardo Debenedetti , Nicholas Carlini , Florian Tramèr

We study black-box adversarial attacks for image classifiers in a constrained threat model, where adversaries can only modify a small fraction of pixels in the form of scratches on an image. We show that it is possible for adversaries to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-08-07 Malhar Jere , Loris Rossi , Briland Hitaj , Gabriela Ciocarlie , Giacomo Boracchi , Farinaz Koushanfar

Constructing adversarial examples in a black-box threat model injures the original images by introducing visual distortion. In this paper, we propose a novel black-box attack approach that can directly minimize the induced distortion by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Nannan Li , Zhenzhong Chen

Training robust deep learning models for down-stream tasks is a critical challenge. Research has shown that down-stream models can be easily fooled with adversarial inputs that look like the training data, but slightly perturbed, in a way…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Mahmoud Hossam , Trung Le , He Zhao , Dinh Phung

Modern commercial antivirus systems increasingly rely on machine learning to keep up with the rampant inflation of new malware. However, it is well-known that machine learning models are vulnerable to adversarial examples (AEs). Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-03 Wei Song , Xuezixiang Li , Sadia Afroz , Deepali Garg , Dmitry Kuznetsov , Heng Yin

Black-box adversarial attacks generate adversarial samples via iterative optimizations using repeated queries. Defending deep neural networks against such attacks has been challenging. In this paper, we propose an efficient Boundary Defense…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Manjushree B. Aithal , Xiaohua Li

The adversarial attack can force a CNN-based model to produce an incorrect output by craftily manipulating human-imperceptible input. Exploring such perturbations can help us gain a deeper understanding of the vulnerability of neural…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Xiangyu Yin , Wenjie Ruan , Jonathan Fieldsend

Recent studies have revealed that vision transformers (ViTs) face similar security risks from adversarial attacks as deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs). However, directly applying attack methodology on CNNs to ViTs has been…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Chao Zhou , Xiaowen Shi , Yuan-Gen Wang

The rapid evolution towards the sixth-generation (6G) networks demands advanced beamforming techniques to address challenges in dynamic, high-mobility scenarios, such as vehicular communications. Vision-based beam prediction utilizing RGB…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Avi Deb Raha , Kitae Kim , Mrityunjoy Gain , Apurba Adhikary , Zhu Han , Eui-Nam Huh , Choong Seon Hong

Many machine learning algorithms are vulnerable to almost imperceptible perturbations of their inputs. So far it was unclear how much risk adversarial perturbations carry for the safety of real-world machine learning applications because…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-19 Wieland Brendel , Jonas Rauber , Matthias Bethge

Powerful adversarial attack methods are vital for understanding how to construct robust deep neural networks (DNNs) and for thoroughly testing defense techniques. In this paper, we propose a black-box adversarial attack algorithm that can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-11 Yandong Li , Lijun Li , Liqiang Wang , Tong Zhang , Boqing Gong

Randomized classifiers have been shown to provide a promising approach for achieving certified robustness against adversarial attacks in deep learning. However, most existing methods only leverage Gaussian smoothing noise and only work for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-21 Dinghuai Zhang , Mao Ye , Chengyue Gong , Zhanxing Zhu , Qiang Liu

Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, which can fool them by adding minuscule perturbations to the input images. The robustness of existing defenses suffers greatly under white-box attack settings, where an adversary…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Aamir Mustafa , Salman Khan , Munawar Hayat , Roland Goecke , Jianbing Shen , Ling Shao

Deep learning-based object detection has become ubiquitous in the last decade due to its high accuracy in many real-world applications. With this growing trend, these models are interested in being attacked by adversaries, with most of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Pham Phuc , Son Vuong , Khang Nguyen , Tuan Dang

The studies on black-box adversarial attacks have become increasingly prevalent due to the intractable acquisition of the structural knowledge of deep neural networks (DNNs). However, the performance of emerging attacks is negatively…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Jie Wang , Zhaoxia Yin , Jin Tang , Jing Jiang , Bin Luo