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The fragmentation of molecular cloud cores a factor of 1.1 denser than the critical Bonnor-Ebert sphere is examined though three-dimensional numerical simulations. A nested grid is employed to resolve fine structure down to 1 AU while…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Tomoaki Matsumoto , Tomoyuki Hanawa

We present a catalogue of 453 molecular clouds in M31 extracted from CO J=1-0 data observed with CARMA using a dendrogram. Our clouds have the mean values of 2.8 km s$^{-1}$, 22.1 pc and 10$^{5.2}$ M$_\odot$ for the velocity dispersion,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-30 J. Armijos-Abendaño , S. A. Eales , M. W. L. Smith

The Galactic Center 50 km s$^{-1}$ Molecular Cloud (50MC) is the most remarkable molecular cloud in the Sagittarius A region. This cloud is a candidate for the massive star formation induced by cloud-cloud collision (CCC) with a collision…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-03-07 Kenta Uehara , Masato Tsuboi , Yoshimi Kitamura , Ryosuke Miyawaki

Based on high-latitude molecular clouds with highly accurate distance estimates taken from the literature, we have redetermined the parameters of their spatial orientation. This system can be approximated by a 350x235x140 pc ellipsoid…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-07-04 V. V. Bobylev

We suggest how we can use the mass profile of galaxy clusters beyond their virial radius to measure their mass accretion rate, a key prediction of structure formation models. The mass profile can be estimated by applying the caustic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-02-05 Antonaldo Diaferio

The formation of stars shapes the structure and evolution of entire galaxies. The rate and efficiency of this process are affected substantially by the density structure of the individual molecular clouds in which stars form. The most…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-19 Jouni Kainulainen , Christoph Federrath , Thomas Henning

The shape of the cold interstellar molecular gas is determined by several processes, including self-gravity, tidal force, turbulence, magnetic field, and galactic shear. Based on the 3D dust extinction map derived by Vergely et al., we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-27 Yi-Heng Xie , Guang-Xing Li , Bing-Qiu Chen

The star-forming ability of a molecular cloud depends on the fraction of gas it can cycle into the dense-phase. Consequently, one of the crucial questions in reconciling star-formation in clouds is to understand the factors that control…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-12-20 S. Anathpindika , A. Burkert , R. Kuiper

We present the results of a galaxy-wide study of molecular gas and star formation in a sample of 76 HII regions in the nearby spiral galaxy NGC 300. We have measured the molecular gas at 250 pc scales using pointed CO(J=2-1) observations…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-19 Christopher M. Faesi , Charles J. Lada , Jan Forbrich , Karl Menten , Herve Bouy

We look into the 2851 $^{12}$CO molecular clouds harboring $^{13}$CO structures to reveal the distribution of the projected angular separations and radial velocity separations between their internal $^{13}$CO structures. The projected…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-02-22 Lixia Yuan , Ji Yang , Fujun Du , Xunchuan Liu , Yang Su , Qing-Zeng Yan , Xuepeng Chen , Yan Sun , Shaobo Zhang , Xin Zhou , Yuehui Ma

Molecular clouds often exhibit filamentary or sheet-like shapes. We compute the free-fall time ($\tff$) for finite, uniform, self-gravitating circular sheets and filamentary clouds of small but finite thickness, so that their volume density…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Jesús A. Toalá , Enrique Vázquez-Semadeni , Gilberto C. Gómez

An analysis of large-area CO J=3-2 maps from the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope for 12 nearby spiral galaxies reveals low velocity dispersions in the molecular component of the interstellar medium. The three lowest luminosity galaxies show a…

We report ALMA Band 6 continuum observations of 2000 AU resolution toward four massive molecular clouds in the Central Molecular Zone of the Galaxy. To study gas fragmentation, we use the dendrogram method to identify cores as traced by the…

Molecular gas, modest in mass yet pivotal within the cosmic inventory, regulates baryon cycling as the immediate fuel for star formation. Across most of cosmic history, its reservoir has remained elusive, with only the tip of the iceberg…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-04 Yi-Kuan Chiang

I review some recent results about the molecular content of galaxies, obtained essentially from the CO lines, but also dense tracers, or the dust continuum emission. New results have been obtained on molecular cloud physics, and their…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 F. Combes

We report results of a project to map HCN and HCO+ J = 1-0 emission toward a sample of molecular clouds in the inner Galaxy, all containing dense clumps that are actively engaged in star formation. We compare these two molecular line…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-05-20 Neal J. Evans , Kee-Tae Kim , Jingwen Wu , Zhang Chao , Mark Heyer , Tie Liu , Quang Nguyen-Luong , Jens Kauffmann

Knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of Galactic molecular clouds is important for understanding how clouds are affected by processes such as turbulence and magnetic fields and how this structure effects star formation within them.…

We measure the mass and size of cloud fragments in several molecular clouds continuously over a wide range of spatial scales (0.05 < r / pc < 3). Based on the recently developed "dendrogram-technique", this characterizes dense cores as well…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-18 Jens Kauffmann , Thushara Pillai , Rahul Shetty , Philip C. Myers , Alyssa A. Goodman

To understand the impact of low metallicities on giant molecular cloud (GMC) structure, we compare far infrared dust emission, CO emission, and dynamics in the star-forming complex N83 in the Wing of the Small Magellanic Cloud. Dust…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2009-08-12 A. K. Leroy , A. Bolatto , C. Bot , C. W. Engelbracht , K. Gordon , F. P. Israel , M. Rubio , K. Sandstrom , S. Stanimirović

Molecular clouds (MC) are the densest and coldest component of the interstellar gas, and the sites of star formation. They are also turbulent and fractal and their masses and sizes span several orders of magnitude. It is also generally…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-07 Javier Ballesteros-Paredes