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Pseudorandom states, introduced by Ji, Liu and Song (Crypto'18), are efficiently-computable quantum states that are computationally indistinguishable from Haar-random states. One-way functions imply the existence of pseudorandom states, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-16 Prabhanjan Ananth , Luowen Qian , Henry Yuen

We introduce a computational problem of distinguishing between two specific quantum states as a new cryptographic problem to design a quantum cryptographic scheme that is "secure" against any polynomial-time quantum adversary. Our problem,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-25 Akinori Kawachi , Takeshi Koshiba , Harumichi Nishimura , Tomoyuki Yamakami

Fundamental principles of quantum mechanics have inspired many new research directions, particularly in quantum cryptography. One such principle is quantum no-cloning which has led to the emerging field of revocable cryptography. Roughly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Prabhanjan Ananth , Saachi Mutreja , Alexander Poremba

A quantum copy-protection scheme (Aaronson, CCC 2009) encodes a functionality into a quantum state such that given this state, no efficient adversary can create two (possibly entangled) quantum states that are both capable of running the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Alper Çakan , Vipul Goyal

We construct a classical oracle relative to which $\mathsf{P} = \mathsf{NP}$ yet single-copy secure pseudorandom quantum states exist. In the language of Impagliazzo's five worlds, this is a construction of pseudorandom states in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-18 William Kretschmer , Luowen Qian , Makrand Sinha , Avishay Tal

Recently, Aaronson et al. (arXiv:2009.07450) showed that detecting interference between two orthogonal states is as hard as swapping these states. While their original motivation was from quantum gravity, we show its applications in quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Minki Hhan , Tomoyuki Morimae , Takashi Yamakawa

The no-cloning principle of quantum mechanics enables us to achieve amazing unclonable cryptographic primitives, which is impossible in classical cryptography. However, the security definitions for unclonable cryptography are tricky.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Fuyuki Kitagawa , Ryo Nishimaki

The famous no-cloning principle has been shown recently to enable a number of uncloneable functionalities. Here we address for the first time unkeyed quantum uncloneablity, via the study of a complexity-theoretic tool that enables a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-14 Anne Broadbent , Martti Karvonen , Sébastien Lord

Unclonable encryption, first introduced by Broadbent and Lord (TQC'20), is a one-time encryption scheme with the following security guarantee: any non-local adversary (A, B, C) cannot simultaneously distinguish encryptions of two equal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-15 Prabhanjan Ananth , Fatih Kaleoglu , Xingjian Li , Qipeng Liu , Mark Zhandry

We formulate notions of opacity for cyberphysical systems modeled as discrete-time linear time-invariant systems. A set of secret states is $k$-ISO with respect to a set of nonsecret states if, starting from these sets at time $0$, the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Bhaskar Ramasubramanian , Rance Cleaveland , Steven I. Marcus

Unclonable cryptography leverages the quantum no-cloning principle to copy-protect cryptographic functionalities. While most existing works address the basic single-copy security, the stronger notion of multi-copy security remains largely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-15 Alper Çakan , Vipul Goyal , Fuyuki Kitagawa , Ryo Nishimaki , Takashi Yamakawa

In this work, we study position-based cryptography in the quantum setting. The aim is to use the geographical position of a party as its only credential. On the negative side, we show that if adversaries are allowed to share an arbitrarily…

A simple proof of the unconditional security of a relativistic quantum cryptosystem based on orthogonal states is proposed. Restrictions imposed by special relativity allow to substantially simplify the proof compared with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-06 S. N. Molotkov , S. S. Nazin

We introduce a hitherto unexplored form of quantum nonlocality, termed local subset unidentifiability, that arises from the limitation of spatially separated parties to perfectly identify a subset of mutually orthogonal multipartite quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-24 Pratik Ghosal , Arkaprabha Ghosal , Subhendu B. Ghosh , Amit Mukherjee

Quantum information allows us to build quantum money schemes, where a bank can issue banknotes in the form of authenticatable quantum states that cannot be cloned or counterfeited. Similar to paper banknotes, in existing quantum money…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-08 Alper Cakan , Vipul Goyal , Takashi Yamakawa

Quantum states cannot be cloned. I show how to extend this property to classical messages encoded using quantum states, a task I call "uncloneable encryption." An uncloneable encryption scheme has the property that an eavesdropper Eve not…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Daniel Gottesman

This report addresses state inference for hidden Markov models. These models rely on unobserved states, which often have a meaningful interpretation. This makes it necessary to develop diagnostic tools for quantification of state…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-26 Jean-Baptiste Durand , Y. Guédon

Recent oracle separations [Kretschmer, TQC'21, Kretschmer et. al., STOC'23] have raised the tantalizing possibility of building quantum cryptography from sources of hardness that persist even if the polynomial hierarchy collapses. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-11 Dakshita Khurana , Kabir Tomer

We significantly extend recently developed methods to faithfully reconstruct unknown quantum states that are approximately low-rank, using only a few measurement settings. Our new method is general enough to allow for measurements from a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-11 Matthias Ohliger , Vincent Nesme , David Gross , Yi-Kai Liu , Jens Eisert

The existing theory of decoy-state quantum cryptography assumes the exact control of each states from Alice's source. Such exact control is impossible in practice. We develop the theory of decoy-state method so that it is unconditionally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Xiang-Bin Wang , C. -Z. Peng , J. Zhang , L. Yang , Jian-Wei Pan