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The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) has been recently introduced as a W3C recommendation to define constraints that can be validated against RDF graphs. Interactions of SHACL with other Semantic Web technologies, such as ontologies or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Paolo Pareti , George Konstantinidis , Timothy J. Norman , Murat Şensoy

The ISO standard Property Graph model has become increasingly popular for representing complex, interconnected data. However, it lacks native support for querying metadata and reification, which limits its abilities to deal with the demands…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Sepehr Sadoughi , Nikolay Yakovets , George Fletcher

Property graphs can be used to represent heterogeneous networks with labeled (attributed) vertices and edges. Given a property graph, simulating another graph with same or greater size with the same statistical properties with respect to…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-07-18 Arun V. Sathanur , Sutanay Choudhury , Cliff Joslyn , Sumit Purohit

We present Shape Expressions (ShEx), an expressive schema language for RDF designed to provide a high-level, user friendly syntax with intuitive semantics. ShEx allows to describe the vocabulary and the structure of an RDF graph, and to…

Databases · Computer Science 2015-11-17 Iovka Boneva , Jose E. Labra Gayo , Eric G. Prud'hommeaux , Sławek Staworko

Knowledge Graphs are pivotal for semantic data integration. The real-world data they model is often inherently uncertain. Within knowledge graphs, uncertainty manifests in three distinct levels: imprecise attribute values, probabilistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jingcheng Wu

The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) is a recent W3C recommendation language for validating RDF data. Specifically, SHACL documents are collections of constraints that enforce particular shapes on an RDF graph. Previous work on the topic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-11-06 Paolo Pareti , George Konstantinidis , Fabio Mogavero , Timothy J. Norman

We propose Graph Generating Dependencies (GGDs), a new class of dependencies for property graphs. Extending the expressivity of state of the art constraint languages, GGDs can express both tuple- and equality-generating dependencies on…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Larissa C. Shimomura , George Fletcher , Nikolay Yakovets

SQL/PGQ and GQL are very recent international standards for querying property graphs: SQL/PGQ specifies how to query relational representations of property graphs in SQL, while GQL is a standalone language for graph databases. The rapid…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Amélie Gheerbrant , Leonid Libkin , Liat Peterfreund , Alexandra Rogova

This study compares participant acceptance of the property graph and edge-labelled graph paradigms, as represented by Cypher and the proposed extensions to the W3C standards, RDF* and SPARQL*. In general, modelling preferences are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Paul Warren , Paul Mulholland

The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) is the recent W3C recommendation language for validating RDF data, by verifying certain shapes on graphs. Previous work has largely focused on the validation problem and the standard decision problems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Paolo Pareti , George Konstantinidis , Fabio Mogavero

We present a systematic approach for evaluating the quality of knowledge graph repairs with respect to constraint violations defined in shapes constraint language (SHACL). Current evaluation methods rely on \emph{ad hoc} datasets, which…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Tung-Wei Lin , Gabe Fierro , Han Li , Tianzhen Hong , Pierluigi Nuzzo , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vinentelli

In real world applications, knowledge graphs (KG) are widely used in various domains (e.g. medical applications and dialogue agents). However, for fact verification, KGs have not been adequately utilized as a knowledge source. KGs can be a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Jiho Kim , Sungjin Park , Yeonsu Kwon , Yohan Jo , James Thorne , Edward Choi

Recent progress in language modeling has expanded the range of tasks that can be approached through natural language interfaces, including problems that require structured reasoning. However, it remains unclear how effectively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Michal Podstawski

Knowledge Graphs are repositories of information that gather data from a multitude of domains and sources in the form of semantic triples, serving as a source of structured data for various crucial applications in the modern web landscape,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-27 Gabriel Amaral , Odinaldo Rodrigues , Elena Simperl

The property graph is an increasingly popular data model. Pattern construction and pattern matching are important tasks when dealing with property graphs. Given a property graph schema S, a property graph G, and a query pattern P, all…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Lior Kogan

The Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL) is a formal language for validating RDF graphs against a set of conditions. Following this idea and implementing a subset of the language, the Metadata Quality Assessment Framework provides Shacl4Bib:…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Péter Király

Resource Description Framework (RDF) and Property Graph (PG) are the two most commonly used data models for representing, storing, and querying graph data. We present Expressive Reasoning Graph Store (ERGS) -- a graph store built on top of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-14 Sumit Neelam , Udit Sharma , Sumit Bhatia , Hima Karanam , Ankita Likhyani , Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Achille Fokoue , L. V. Subramaniam

SHACL (Shapes Constraint Language) expresses constraints on RDF data by means of so-called shapes. Its central service is validation: verifying whether a data graph complies with a SHACL document. But so far, there are no static analysis…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Anouk Oudshoorn , Magdalena Ortiz , Mantas Simkus

Linked data portals need to be able to advertise and describe the structure of their content. A sufficiently expressive and intuitive schema language will allow portals to communicate these structures. Validation tools will aid in the…

Databases · Computer Science 2017-02-01 Jose-Emilio Labra-Gayo , Eric Prud'hommeaux , Harold Solbrig , Iovka Boneva

Knowledge graphs store large numbers of relations efficiently, but they remain weak at representing a quieter difficulty: the meaning of a concept often shifts with the domain in which it is used. A triple such as Apple, instance-of,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Chao Li , Yuru Wang , Chunyi Zhao