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The success of Reinforcement Learning (RL) heavily relies on the ability to learn robust representations from the observations of the environment. In most cases, the representations learned purely by the reinforcement learning loss can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Somjit Nath , Rushiv Arora , Samira Ebrahimi Kahou

This paper presents a novel state representation for reward-free Markov decision processes. The idea is to learn, in a self-supervised manner, an embedding space where distances between pairs of embedded states correspond to the minimum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Lorenzo Steccanella , Anders Jonsson

Graph-based representations play a key role in machine learning. The fundamental step in these representations is the association of a graph structure to a dataset. In this paper, we propose a method that aims at finding a block sparse…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-27 Stefania Sardellitti , Sergio Barbarossa , Paolo Di Lorenzo

Planning with a learned model remains a key challenge in model-based reinforcement learning (RL). In decision-time planning, state representations are critical as they must support local cost computation while preserving long-horizon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Dikshant Shehmar , Matthew Schlegel , Matthew E. Taylor , Marlos C. Machado

We present LaplaceGNN, a novel self-supervised graph learning framework that bypasses the need for negative sampling by leveraging spectral bootstrapping techniques. Our method integrates Laplacian-based signals into the learning process,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Lorenzo Bini , Stephane Marchand-Maillet

Deep RL approaches build much of their success on the ability of the deep neural network to generate useful internal representations. Nevertheless, they suffer from a high sample-complexity and starting with a good input representation can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Vikram Waradpande , Daniel Kudenko , Megha Khosla

Dimensionality reduction techniques map data represented on higher dimensions onto lower dimensions with varying degrees of information loss. Graph dimensionality reduction techniques adopt the same principle of providing latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Akhil Pandey Akella

Research on graph representation learning has received a lot of attention in recent years since many data in real-world applications come in form of graphs. High-dimensional graph data are often in irregular form, which makes them more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-03 Fenxiao Chen , Yuncheng Wang , Bin Wang , C. -C. Jay Kuo

Across scientific disciplines, Laplacian eigenvectors serve as a fundamental basis for simplifying complex systems, from signal processing to quantum mechanics. In reinforcement learning (RL), they similarly form a basis over the state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Siddarth Chandrasekar , Marlos C. Machado

Goal-conditioned planning benefits from learned low-dimensional representations of rich observations. While compact latent representations typically learned from variational autoencoders or inverse dynamics enable goal-conditioned decision…

Selecting exploratory actions that generate a rich stream of experience for better learning is a fundamental challenge in reinforcement learning (RL). An approach to tackle this problem consists in selecting actions according to specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Martin Klissarov , Marlos C. Machado

Graph Representation Learning (GRL) has experienced significant progress as a means to extract structural information in a meaningful way for subsequent learning tasks. Current approaches including shallow embeddings and Graph Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Antonia Gogoglou , C. Bayan Bruss , Brian Nguyen , Reza Sarshogh , Keegan E. Hines

We show theoretically and empirically that the linear Transformer, when applied to graph data, can implement algorithms that solve canonical problems such as electric flow and eigenvector decomposition. The Transformer has access to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Xiang Cheng , Lawrence Carin , Suvrit Sra

Although deep reinforcement learning (RL) has recently enjoyed many successes, its methods are still data inefficient, which makes solving numerous problems prohibitively expensive in terms of data. We aim to remedy this by taking advantage…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-29 Hlynur Davíð Hlynsson

This paper investigates the use of methods from partial differential equations and the Calculus of variations to study learning problems that are regularized using graph Laplacians. Graph Laplacians are a powerful, flexible method for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-30 Nicolas Garcia Trillos , Ryan Murray

Most model-free reinforcement learning methods leverage state representations (embeddings) for generalization, but either ignore structure in the space of actions or assume the structure is provided a priori. We show how a policy can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Yash Chandak , Georgios Theocharous , James Kostas , Scott Jordan , Philip S. Thomas

Representations are at the core of all deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods for both Markov decision processes (MDPs) and partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs). Many representation learning methods and theoretical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Tianwei Ni , Benjamin Eysenbach , Erfan Seyedsalehi , Michel Ma , Clement Gehring , Aditya Mahajan , Pierre-Luc Bacon

Robots could learn their own state and world representation from perception and experience without supervision. This desirable goal is the main focus of our field of interest, state representation learning (SRL). Indeed, a compact…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-28 Astrid Merckling , Alexandre Coninx , Loic Cressot , Stéphane Doncieux , Nicolas Perrin-Gilbert

Representation learning and option discovery are two of the biggest challenges in reinforcement learning (RL). Proto-value functions (PVFs) are a well-known approach for representation learning in MDPs. In this paper we address the option…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Marlos C. Machado , Marc G. Bellemare , Michael Bowling

Deep Reinforcement Learning has shown its ability in solving complicated problems directly from high-dimensional observations. However, in end-to-end settings, Reinforcement Learning algorithms are not sample-efficient and requires long…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-06 Nicolò Botteghi , Mannes Poel , Beril Sirmacek , Christoph Brune