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Minimum Description Length (MDL) provides a framework and an objective for principled model evaluation. It formalizes Occam's Razor and can be applied to data from non-stationary sources. In the prequential formulation of MDL, the objective…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-17 Jorg Bornschein , Yazhe Li , Marcus Hutter

In previous work we developed a method of learning Bayesian Network models from raw data. This method relies on the well known minimal description length (MDL) principle. The MDL principle is particularly well suited to this task as it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-08 Wai Lam , Fahiem Bacchus

This paper extends the work in [Suzuki, 1996] and presents an efficient depth-first branch-and-bound algorithm for learning Bayesian network structures, based on the minimum description length (MDL) principle, for a given (consistent)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-18 Jin Tian

This paper addresses learning stochastic rules especially on an inter-attribute relation based on a Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle with a finite number of examples, assuming an application to the design of intelligent relational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-08 Joe Suzuki

A major problem for the learning of Bayesian networks (BNs) is the exponential number of parameters needed for conditional probability tables. Recent research reduces this complexity by modeling local structure in the probability tables. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-01-30 Julian R. Neil , Chris S. Wallace , Kevin B. Korb

We explore the issue of refining an existent Bayesian network structure using new data which might mention only a subset of the variables. Most previous works have only considered the refinement of the network's conditional probability…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Wai Lam , Fahiem Bacchus

Learning a Bayesian network (BN) from data can be useful for decision-making or discovering causal relationships. However, traditional methods often fail in modern applications, which exhibit a larger number of observed variables than data…

Computation · Statistics 2018-06-26 Raj Agrawal , Tamara Broderick , Caroline Uhler

This is an up-to-date introduction to and overview of the Minimum Description Length (MDL) Principle, a theory of inductive inference that can be applied to general problems in statistics, machine learning and pattern recognition. While MDL…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-12-19 Peter Grünwald , Teemu Roos

Minimum Description Length (MDL) is an important principle for induction and prediction, with strong relations to optimal Bayesian learning. This paper deals with learning non-i.i.d. processes by means of two-part MDL, where the underlying…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Jan Poland , Marcus Hutter

Causal learning from data has received much attention recently. Bayesian networks can be used to capture causal relationships. There, one recovers a weighted directed acyclic graph in which random variables are represented by vertices, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Pavel Rytir , Ales Wodecki , Georgios Korpas , Jakub Marecek

We consider the task of causal structure learning over measurement dependence inducing latent (MeDIL) causal models. We show that this task can be framed in terms of the graph theoretic problem of finding edge clique covers,resulting in an…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-09-22 Alex Markham , Moritz Grosse-Wentrup

The Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle is solidly based on a provably ideal method of inference using Kolmogorov complexity. We test how the theory behaves in practice on a general problem in model selection: that of learning the…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2007-05-23 Qiong Gao , Ming Li , Paul Vitanyi

Causal learning has long concerned itself with the accurate recovery of underlying causal mechanisms. Such causal modelling enables better explanations of out-of-distribution data. Prior works on causal learning assume that the high-level…

The Minimum Description Length (MDL) principle selects the model that has the shortest code for data plus model. We show that for a countable class of models, MDL predictions are close to the true distribution in a strong sense. The result…

Probability · Mathematics 2010-12-30 Marcus Hutter

The remarkable performance of overparameterized deep neural networks (DNNs) must arise from an interplay between network architecture, training algorithms, and structure in the data. To disentangle these three components, we apply a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Chris Mingard , Henry Rees , Guillermo Valle-Pérez , Ard A. Louis

How do we compare between hypotheses that are entirely consistent with observations? The marginal likelihood (aka Bayesian evidence), which represents the probability of generating our observations from a prior, provides a distinctive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-03 Sanae Lotfi , Pavel Izmailov , Gregory Benton , Micah Goldblum , Andrew Gordon Wilson

We study the properties of the Minimum Description Length principle for sequence prediction, considering a two-part MDL estimator which is chosen from a countable class of models. This applies in particular to the important case of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2011-11-09 Jan Poland , Marcus Hutter

In this paper, the relationship between probabilistic graphical models, in particular Bayesian networks, and causal diagrams, also called structural causal models, is studied. Structural causal models are deterministic models, based on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Peter J. F. Lucas , Eleonora Zullo , Fabio Stella

Learning the causal structure that underlies data is a crucial step towards robust real-world decision making. The majority of existing work in causal inference focuses on determining a single directed acyclic graph (DAG) or a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Yashas Annadani , Jonas Rothfuss , Alexandre Lacoste , Nino Scherrer , Anirudh Goyal , Yoshua Bengio , Stefan Bauer

Bayesian Networks may be appealing for clinical decision-making due to their inclusion of causal knowledge, but their practical adoption remains limited as a result of their inability to deal with unstructured data. While neural networks do…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Paloma Rabaey , Cedric De Boom , Thomas Demeester
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