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Tensor networks are an efficient platform to represent interesting quantum states of matter as well as to compute physical observables and information-theoretic quantities. We present a general protocol to construct fixed-point tensor…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-01 Bader Aldossari , Sergey Blinov , Zhu-Xi Luo

Recent work has shown that for one-dimensional quantum states that can be effectively approximated by matrix product operators (MPOs), a polynomial number of copies of the state suffices for reconstruction. Compared to MPOs in one…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-23 Zhen Qin , Zhihui Zhu

Infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) provide a powerful tensor network ansatz for two-dimensional quantum many-body systems in the thermodynamic limit. In this paper we introduce an approach to accurately compute the energy…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-01 Emilio Cortés Estay , Naushad A. Kamar , Philippe Corboz

Higher-order topological phases (HOTPs) hold gapped bulk bands and topological boundary states localized in boundaries with codimension higher than one. In this paper, we provide a unified construction and topological characterization of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2022-12-09 Zhoutao Lei , Yuangang Deng , Linhu Li

For closed quantum systems, topological orders are understood through the equivalence classes of ground states of gapped local Hamiltonians. The generalization of this conceptual paradigm to open quantum systems, however, remains elusive,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-10-10 Tai-Hsuan Yang , Bowen Shi , Jong Yeon Lee

The theory and computation of tensors with different tensor products play increasingly important roles in scientific computing and machine learning. Different products aim to preserve different algebraic properties from the matrix algebra,…

The infinite Projected Entangled Pair States (iPEPS) algorithm [J. Jordan et al, PRL 101, 250602 (2008)] has become a useful tool in the calculation of ground state properties of 2d quantum lattice systems in the thermodynamic limit.…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-08-19 Ho N. Phien , Johann A. Bengua , Hoang D. Tuan , Philippe Corboz , Roman Orus

We employ matrix product states (MPS) and tensor networks to study topological properties of the space of ground states of gapped many-body systems. We focus on families of states in one spatial dimension, where each state can be…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-15 Marvin Qi , David T. Stephen , Xueda Wen , Daniel Spiegel , Markus J. Pflaum , Agnès Beaudry , Michael Hermele

We show how to generalize the concepts of identifying and classifying symmetry protected topological phases in 1D to the case of an arbitrary mixed state. The pure state concepts are reviewed using a concrete spin-1 model. For the mixed…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-09-15 Evert P. L. van Nieuwenburg , Sebastian D. Huber

Canonical forms are central to the analytical understanding of tensor network states, underpinning key results such as the complete classification of one-dimensional symmetry-protected topological phases within the matrix product state…

A typical quantum state obeying the area law for entanglement on an infinite 2D lattice can be represented by a tensor network ansatz -- known as an infinite projected entangled pair state (iPEPS) -- with a finite bond dimension $D$. Its…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-07-11 Piotr Czarnik , Jacek Dziarmaga

We consider Projected Entangled Pair State (PEPS) models with a global $\mathbb Z_N$ symmetry, which are constructed from $\mathbb Z_N$-symmetric tensors and are thus $\mathbb Z_N$-invariant wavefunctions, and study the occurence of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-15 Manuel Rispler , Kasper Duivenvoorden , Norbert Schuch

The ground states encode the information of the topological phases of a 2-dimensional system, which makes them crucial in determining the associated topological quantum field theory (TQFT). Most numerical methods for detecting the TQFT…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-12-21 Zhuan Li , Roger S. K. Mong

In the Fock representation, we propose a framework to construct the generalized matrix product states (MPS) for topological phases with $\mathbb{ Z}_{p}$ parafermions. Unlike the $\mathbb{Z}_{2}$ Majorana fermions, the $% \mathbb{Z}_{p}$…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-05-17 Wen-Tao Xu , Guang-Ming Zhang

Topological order in a 2d quantum matter can be determined by the topological contribution to the entanglement R\'enyi entropies. However, when close to a quantum phase transition, its calculation becomes cumbersome. Here we show how…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-12-24 Roman Orus , Tzu-Chieh Wei , Oliver Buerschaper , Artur Garcia-Saez

Topological phases of matter offer a promising platform for quantum computation and quantum error correction. Nevertheless, unlike its counterpart in pure states, descriptions of topological order in mixed states remain relatively…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-16 Zhuan Li , Roger S. K. Mong

We study the symmetric outer product decomposition which decomposes a fully (partially) symmetric tensor into a sum of rank-one fully (partially) symmetric tensors. We present iterative algorithms for the third-order partially symmetric…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2013-12-31 Na Li , Carmeliza Navasca

In this paper we present a method for deriving effective one-dimensional models based on the matrix product state formalism. It exploits translational invariance to work directly in the thermodynamic limit. We show, how a representation of…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2015-06-26 Frederik Keim , Götz S. Uhrig

The tensor product representation of quantum states leads to a promising variational approach to study quantum phase and quantum phase transitions, especially topological ordered phases which are impossible to handle with conventional…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-05-29 Xie Chen , Bei Zeng , Zheng-Cheng Gu , Isaac L. Chuang , Xiao-Gang Wen

We extend the concept of strange correlators, defined for symmetry-protected phases in [You et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 112, 247202 (2014)], to topological phases of matter by taking the inner product between string-net ground states and…

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