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Deploying reliable deep learning techniques in interdisciplinary applications needs learned models to output accurate and (even more importantly) explainable predictions. Existing approaches typically explicate network outputs in a post-hoc…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-26 Chenyu Xue , Fan Wang , Yuanzhuo Zhu , Hui Li , Deyu Meng , Dinggang Shen , Chunfeng Lian

Providing explanations for deep neural networks (DNNs) is essential for their use in domains wherein the interpretability of decisions is a critical prerequisite. Despite the plethora of work on interpreting DNNs, most existing solutions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Xinyang Zhang , Ren Pang , Shouling Ji , Fenglong Ma , Ting Wang

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable performance across various domains, yet their decision-making processes remain opaque. Although many explanation methods are dedicated to bringing the obscurity of DNNs to light, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Kanglong Fan , Yunqiao Yang , Chen Ma

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a popular class of machine learning models. Inspired by the learning to explain (L2X) paradigm, we propose L2XGNN, a framework for explainable GNNs which provides faithful explanations by design. L2XGNN…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Giuseppe Serra , Mathias Niepert

To enhance the reliability and credibility of graph neural networks (GNNs) and improve the transparency of their decision logic, a new field of explainability of GNNs (XGNN) has emerged. However, two major limitations severely degrade the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Han Zhang , Yan Wang , Guanfeng Liu , Pengfei Ding , Huaxiong Wang , Kwok-Yan Lam

We introduce Attention Graphs, a new tool for mechanistic interpretability of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and Graph Transformers based on the mathematical equivalence between message passing in GNNs and the self-attention mechanism in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Batu El , Deepro Choudhury , Pietro Liò , Chaitanya K. Joshi

The success of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) has led to a need for understanding their decision-making process and providing explanations for their predictions, which has given rise to explainable AI (XAI) that offers transparent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-21 Sangwoo Seo , Sungwon Kim , Chanyoung Park

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have shown exceptional performance for a range of medical imaging tasks. However, conventional CNNs are not able to explain their reasoning process, therefore limiting their adoption in clinical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Linde S. Hesse , Ana I. L. Namburete

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are the predominant approach for graph-based machine learning. While neural networks have shown great performance at learning useful representations, they are often criticized for their limited high-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Markus Zopf , Francesco Alesiani

Graphs serve as generic tools to encode the underlying relational structure of data. Often this graph is not given, and so the task of inferring it from nodal observations becomes important. Traditional approaches formulate a convex inverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Max Wasserman , Gonzalo Mateos

We propose a new interpretability method for neural networks, which is based on a novel mathematico-philosophical theory of reasons. Our method computes a vector for each neuron, called its reasons vector. We then can compute how strongly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Levin Hornischer , Hannes Leitgeb

Markov Logic Networks (MLNs), which elegantly combine logic rules and probabilistic graphical models, can be used to address many knowledge graph problems. However, inference in MLN is computationally intensive, making the industrial-scale…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-05 Yuyu Zhang , Xinshi Chen , Yuan Yang , Arun Ramamurthy , Bo Li , Yuan Qi , Le Song

In an ever expanding set of research and application areas, deep neural networks (DNNs) set the bar for algorithm performance. However, depending upon additional constraints such as processing power and execution time limits, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Nathan Dahlin , Krishna Chaitanya Kalagarla , Nikhil Naik , Rahul Jain , Pierluigi Nuzzo

Finding the biomarkers associated with ASD is helpful for understanding the underlying roots of the disorder and can lead to earlier diagnosis and more targeted treatment. A promising approach to identify biomarkers is using Graph Neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-15 Xiaoxiao Li , Nicha C. Dvornek , Yuan Zhou , Juntang Zhuang , Pamela Ventola , James S. Duncan

Lots of learning tasks require dealing with graph data which contains rich relation information among elements. Modeling physics systems, learning molecular fingerprints, predicting protein interface, and classifying diseases demand a model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-07 Jie Zhou , Ganqu Cui , Shengding Hu , Zhengyan Zhang , Cheng Yang , Zhiyuan Liu , Lifeng Wang , Changcheng Li , Maosong Sun

Neural networks deliver impressive predictive performance across a variety of tasks, but they are often opaque in their decision-making processes. Despite a growing interest in mechanistic interpretability, tools for systematically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Ricardo Knauer , Andre Beinrucker , Erik Rodner

The widespread deployment of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) sparks significant interest in their explainability, which plays a vital role in model auditing and ensuring trustworthy graph learning. The objective of GNN explainability is to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jialin Chen , Shirley Wu , Abhijit Gupta , Rex Ying

It has been observed that message-passing graph neural networks (GNN) sometimes struggle to maintain a healthy balance between the efficient/scalable modeling of long-range dependencies across nodes while avoiding unintended consequences…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Yongyi Yang , Tang Liu , Yangkun Wang , Zengfeng Huang , David Wipf

Medical image classification requires not only high predictive performance but also interpretability to ensure clinical trust and adoption. Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) offer a powerful framework for modeling relational structures within…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-10 Prajit Sengupta , Islem Rekik

The remarkable performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is entangled with their huge number of uninterpretable parameters, which has become the bottleneck limiting the exploitation of their full potential. Towards network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Yuchao Li , Rongrong Ji , Shaohui Lin , Baochang Zhang , Chenqian Yan , Yongjian Wu , Feiyue Huang , Ling Shao