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Zero-knowledge proofs (zk-Proofs) are communication protocols by which a prover can demonstrate to a verifier that it possesses a solution to a given public problem without revealing the content of the solution. Arbitrary computations can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Armando Cruz

Probabilistic extensions of logic programming languages, such as ProbLog, integrate logical reasoning with probabilistic inference to evaluate probabilities of output relations; however, prior work does not account for potential statistical…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Jingbo Wang , Shashin Halalingaiah , Weiyi Chen , Chao Wang , Isil Dillig

Deep neural networks have demonstrated remarkable success across numerous tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to Trojan (backdoor) attacks, raising serious concerns about their safety in real-world mission-critical applications. A common…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Hossein Mirzaei , Zeinab Taghavi , Sepehr Rezaee , Masoud Hadi , Moein Madadi , Mackenzie W. Mathis

A new O(N) algorithm based on a recursion method, in which the computational effort is proportional to the number of atoms N, is presented for calculating the inverse of an overlap matrix which is needed in electronic structure calculations…

Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-08-31 T. Ozaki

Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) enable parallel token decoding, providing a promising alternative to the sequential nature of autoregressive generation. However, their iterative denoising process remains computationally expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Younjoo Lee , Junghoo Lee , Seungkyun Dan , Jaiyoung Park , Jung Ho Ahn

Obtaining enough labeled data to robustly train complex discriminative models is a major bottleneck in the machine learning pipeline. A popular solution is combining multiple sources of weak supervision using generative models. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-09-11 Paroma Varma , Bryan He , Payal Bajaj , Imon Banerjee , Nishith Khandwala , Daniel L. Rubin , Christopher Ré

Inference-time scaling has proven effective in boosting large language model (LLM) performance through increased test-time computation. Yet, its practical application is often hindered by reliance on external verifiers or a lack of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Fei Wang , Xingchen Wan , Ruoxi Sun , Jiefeng Chen , Sercan Ö. Arık

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have attracted significant attention, and their internal models are now considered valuable intellectual assets. Extracting such a model via oracle access to a DNN is conceptually similar to extracting a secret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Akira Ito , Takayuki Miura , Yosuke Todo

We revisit the problem of learning from untrusted batches introduced by Qiao and Valiant [QV17]. Recently, Jain and Orlitsky [JO19] gave a simple semidefinite programming approach based on the cut-norm that achieves essentially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Sitan Chen , Jerry Li , Ankur Moitra

Traditional automated theorem provers have relied on manually tuned heuristics to guide how they perform proof search. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in the design of learning mechanisms that can be integrated into…

MerLean-Prover is an end-to-end Lean4 theorem prover that replaces sorry declarations with kernel-checkable proofs. It is built from three agent types (Planning, Check, and Lean) composed by a recursive outer loop whose unit of revision is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Jinzheng Li , Zeru Zhu , Yuanjie Ren

Inspired by recent findings on the fractal geometry of language, we introduce Recursive INference Scaling (RINS) as a complementary, plug-in recipe for scaling inference time in language and multimodal systems. RINS is a particular form of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin , Xiaohua Zhai

Speculative decoding is an effective and lossless approach for accelerating LLM inference. However, existing widely adopted model-based draft designs, such as EAGLE3, improve accuracy at the cost of multi-step autoregressive inference,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Fuliang Liu , Xue Li , Ketai Zhao , Yinxi Gao , Ziyan Zhou , Zhonghui Zhang , Zhibin Wang , Wanchun Dou , Sheng Zhong , Chen Tian

In recent years, Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as an effective approach to solving real-world tasks. However, despite their successes, DRL-based policies suffer from poor reliability, which limits their deployment in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Davide Corsi , Guy Amir , Andoni Rodriguez , Cesar Sanchez , Guy Katz , Roy Fox

Explainable Reinforcement Learning (XRL) can provide transparency into the decision-making process of a Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) model and increase user trust and adoption in real-world use cases. By utilizing XRL techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Alexander Tapley , Kyle Gatesman , Luis Robaina , Brett Bissey , Joseph Weissman

Circular (or cyclic) proofs have received increasing attention in recent years, and have been proposed as an alternative setting for studying (co)inductive reasoning. In particular, now several type systems based on circular reasoning have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Gianluca Curzi , Anupam Das

Production deep learning systems across enterprise domains operate under constraints that academic benchmarks routinely obscure: labeled data is expensive, inference budgets are tight, and models that cannot explain their behavior are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Rowan Martnishn

Large language models (LLMs) have made notable progress in logical reasoning, yet still fall short of human-level performance. Current boosting strategies rely on expert-crafted in-domain demonstrations, limiting their applicability in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Jianzhi Yan , Zhiming Li , Le Liu , Zike Yuan , Shiwei Chen , Youcheng Pan , Buzhou Tang , Yang Xiang , Danny Dongning Sun

We introduce a novel class of algorithms to efficiently approximate the unknown return distributions in policy evaluation problems from distributional reinforcement learning (DRL). The proposed distributional dynamic programming algorithms…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-22 Julian Gerstenberg , Ralph Neininger , Denis Spiegel

This paper presents a deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) framework that can learn an a priori unknown number of nonlinear reward functions from unlabeled experts' demonstrations. For this purpose, we employ the tools from Dirichlet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-15 Ariyan Bighashdel , Panagiotis Meletis , Pavol Jancura , Gijs Dubbelman