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We theoretically investigate how information flows when two particles interact with each other. Understanding the physical mechanisms of directional information flow is crucial for advancing information thermodynamics and stochastic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-12 Tenta Tani

Coherent information quantifies the achievable rate of the reliable quantum information transmission through a communication channel. Use of the correlated quantum states instead of the factorized ones may result in an increase in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-28 Sergey N. Filippov

In many scientific disciplines, coarse-grained causal models are used to explain and predict the dynamics of more fine-grained systems. Naturally, such models require appropriate macrovariables. Automated procedures to detect suitable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Benedikt Höltgen

Entropy plays a key role in statistical physics of complex systems, which in general exhibit diverse aspects of emergence on different scales. However, it still remains not fully resolved how entropy varies with the coarse-graining level…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-08-07 Segun Goh , Jungzae Choi , MooYoung Choi , Byung-Gook Yoon

We investigate the problem of inferring the causal predictors of a response $Y$ from a set of $d$ explanatory variables $(X^1,\dots,X^d)$. Classical ordinary least squares regression includes all predictors that reduce the variance of $Y$.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-29 Niklas Pfister , Peter Bühlmann , Jonas Peters

We develop a dynamic model of economic complexity that endogenously generates a transition between unconditional and conditional convergence. In this model, convergence turns conditional as the capability intensity of activities rises. We…

General Economics · Economics 2025-12-12 Cesar A. Hidalgo , Viktor Stojkoski

The generic behavior of quantum systems has long been of theoretical and practical interest. Any quantum process is represented by a sequence of quantum channels. We consider general ergodic sequences of stochastic channels with arbitrary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-08 Ramis Movassagh , Jeffrey Schenker

The common cause principle for two random variables $A$ and $B$ is examined in the case of causal insufficiency, when their common cause $C$ is known to exist, but only the joint probability of $A$ and $B$ is observed. As a result, $C$…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-07-26 A. Hovhannisyan , A. E. Allahverdyan

Distinguishing cause from effect using observations of a pair of random variables is a core problem in causal discovery. Most approaches proposed for this task, namely additive noise models (ANM), are only adequate for quantitative data. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Mário A. T. Figueiredo , Catarina A. Oliveira

Causality is a seminal concept in science: Any research discipline, from sociology and medicine to physics and chemistry, aims at understanding the causes that could explain the correlations observed among some measured variables. While…

In many problems, the measured variables (e.g., image pixels) are just mathematical functions of the latent causal variables (e.g., the underlying concepts or objects). For the purpose of making predictions in changing environments or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Kun Zhang , Shaoan Xie , Ignavier Ng , Yujia Zheng

Quantum processes can exhibit scenarios beyond a fixed order of events. We propose information inequalities that, when violated, constitute sufficient conditions to certify quantum processes without a fixed causal order -- causally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Matheus Capela , Kaumudibikash Goswami

Unobserved confounding is one of the main challenges when estimating causal effects. We propose a causal reduction method that, given a causal model, replaces an arbitrary number of possibly high-dimensional latent confounders with a single…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-24 Maximilian Ilse , Patrick Forré , Max Welling , Joris M. Mooij

Causal inference seeks to identify cause-and-effect interactions in coupled systems. A recently proposed method by Liang detects causal relations by quantifying the direction and magnitude of information flow between time series. The…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-03-20 Dionissios T. Hristopulos

If a sender and a receiver lack precise knowledge about the communication line that connects them, designing a scheme to reliably transmit information becomes more challenging. This has been studied in classical and quantum information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Paula Belzig

We consider a pair of causally independent processes, modelled as the tensor product of two channels, acting on a possibly correlated input to produce random outputs X and Y. We show that, assuming the processes produce a sufficient amount…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-08 Martin Sandfuchs , Carla Ferradini , Renato Renner

The problem of causal inference is to determine if a given probability distribution on observed variables is compatible with some causal structure. The difficult case is when the causal structure includes latent variables. We here introduce…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-24 Elie Wolfe , Robert W. Spekkens , Tobias Fritz

Inferring the effect of interventions within complex systems is a fundamental problem of statistics. A widely studied approach employs structural causal models that postulate noisy functional relations among a set of interacting variables.…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-14 David Strieder , Mathias Drton

We analyse a communication scenario over a particular causal broadcast channel whose state depends on a modulo sum. The receivers of the broadcast receive channel state information and collaborate to determine the channel state as to decode…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Stephen DiAdamo , Janis Nötzel

Information Causality is a physical principle which states that the amount of randomly accessible data over a classical communication channel cannot exceed its capacity, even if the sender and the receiver have access to a source of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Nikolai Miklin , Marcin Pawłowski