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We present the detection potential for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB) at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), using the inverse-beta-decay (IBD) detection channel on free protons. We employ the latest…
High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics
2022-10-14
JUNO Collaboration , Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Fengpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André , Didier Auguste , Nikita Balashov , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Davide Basilico , Eric Baussan , Marco Bellato , Antonio Bergnoli , Thilo Birkenfeld , Sylvie Blin , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clément Bordereau , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Mario Buscemi , Jose Busto , Ilya Butorov , Anatael Cabrera , Barbara Caccianiga , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Riccardo Callegari , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Pingping Chen , Po-An Chen , Shaomin Chen , Xurong Chen , Yi-Wen Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Alexey Chetverikov , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Artem Chukanov , Gérard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Daniele Corti , Flavio Dal Corso , Olivia Dalager , Christophe De La Taille , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Wilfried Depnering , Marco Diaz , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Dmitry Dolzhikov , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos , Frédéric Druillole , Ran Du , Shuxian Du , Stefano Dusini , Martin Dvorak , Timo Enqvist , Heike Enzmann , Andrea Fabbri , Donghua Fan , Lei Fan , Jian Fang , Wenxing Fang , Marco Fargetta , Dmitry Fedoseev , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Richard Ford , Amélie Fournier , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Arsenii Gavrikov , Marco Giammarchi , Agnese Giaz , Nunzio Giudice , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Yuri Gornushkin , Alexandre Göttel , Marco Grassi , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Maria Gul , Cong Guo , Jingyuan Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Yuhang Guo , Paul Hackspacher , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Muhammad Sohaib Hassan , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , YuenKeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Chunhao Huang , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xin Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cédric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Beatrice Jelmini , Kuo-Lun Jen , Ignacio Jeria , Xiaolu Ji , Xingzhao Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Di Jiang , Wei Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Ruyi Jin , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet , Jari Joutsenvaara , Sirichok Jungthawan , Leonidas Kalousis , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Rebin Karaparambil , Narine Kazarian , Amina Khatun , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Pasi Kuusiniemi , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sébastien Leblanc , Victor Lebrin , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Gaosong Li , Haitao Li , Huiling Li , Jiaqi Li , Mengzhao Li , Min Li , Nan Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Shanfeng Li , Tao Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yufeng Li , Zepeng Li , Zhaohan Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Hao Liang , Hao Liang , Jiajun Liao , Ayut Limphirat , Sukit Limpijumnong , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Ivano Lippi , Fang Liu , Haidong Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shuangyu Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Xiwen Liu , Yan Liu , Yunzhe Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Xiaoxu Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Arslan Lukanov , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Pengwei Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Xiaojie Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Bangzheng Ma , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Yury Malyshkin , Roberto Carlos Mandujano , Fabio Mantovani , Francesco Manzali , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. Mari , Filippo Marini , Sadia Marium , Cristina Martellini , Gisele Martin-Chassard , Agnese Martini , Matthias Mayer , Davit Mayilyan , Ints Mednieks , Yue Meng , Anselmo Meregaglia , Emanuela Meroni , David Meyhöfer , Mauro Mezzetto , Jonathan Miller , Lino Miramonti , Paolo Montini , Michele Montuschi , Axel Müller , Massimiliano Nastasi , Dmitry V. Naumov , Elena Naumova , Diana Navas-Nicolas , Igor Nemchenok , Minh Thuan Nguyen Thi , Feipeng Ning , Zhe Ning , Hiroshi Nunokawa , Lothar Oberauer , Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux , Alexander Olshevskiy , Domizia Orestano , Fausto Ortica , Rainer Othegraven , Alessandro Paoloni , Sergio Parmeggiano , Yatian Pei , Nicomede Pelliccia , Anguo Peng , Haiping Peng , Frédéric Perrot , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Fabrizio Petrucci , Oliver Pilarczyk , Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico , Artyom Popov , Pascal Poussot , Wathan Pratumwan , Ezio Previtali , Fazhi Qi , Ming Qi , Sen Qian , Xiaohui Qian , Zhen Qian , Hao Qiao , Zhonghua Qin , Shoukang Qiu , Muhammad Usman Rajput , Gioacchino Ranucci , Neill Raper , Alessandra Re , Henning Rebber , Abdel Rebii , Bin Ren , Jie Ren , Barbara Ricci , Mariam Rifai , Mathieu Roche , Narongkiat Rodphai , Aldo Romani , Bedřich Roskovec , Xiangdong Ruan , Xichao Ruan , Saroj Rujirawat , Arseniy Rybnikov , Andrey Sadovsky , Paolo Saggese , Simone Sanfilippo , Anut Sangka , Nuanwan Sanguansak , Utane Sawangwit , Julia Sawatzki , Fatma Sawy , Michaela Schever , Cédric Schwab , Konstantin Schweizer , Alexandr Selyunin , Andrea Serafini , Giulio Settanta , Mariangela Settimo , Zhuang Shao , Vladislav Sharov , Arina Shaydurova , Jingyan Shi , Yanan Shi , Vitaly Shutov , Andrey Sidorenkov , Fedor Šimkovic , Chiara Sirignano , Jaruchit Siripak , Monica Sisti , Maciej Slupecki , Mikhail Smirnov , Oleg Smirnov , Thiago Sogo-Bezerra , Sergey Sokolov , Julanan Songwadhana , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Albert Sotnikov , Ondřej Šrámek , Warintorn Sreethawong , Achim Stahl , Luca Stanco , Konstantin Stankevich , Dušan Štefánik , Hans Steiger , Hans Steiger , Jochen Steinmann , Tobias Sterr , Matthias Raphael Stock , Virginia Strati , Alexander Studenikin , Shifeng Sun , Xilei Sun , Yongjie Sun , Yongzhao Sun , Narumon Suwonjandee , Michal Szelezniak , Jian Tang , Qiang Tang , Quan Tang , Xiao Tang , Alexander Tietzsch , Igor Tkachev , Tomas Tmej , Marco Danilo Claudio Torri , Konstantin Treskov , Andrea Triossi , Giancarlo Troni , Wladyslaw Trzaska , Cristina Tuve , Nikita Ushakov , Guillaume Vanroyen , Vadim Vedin , Giuseppe Verde , Maxim Vialkov , Benoit Viaud , Cornelius Moritz Vollbrecht , Cristina Volpe , Vit Vorobel , Dmitriy Voronin , Lucia Votano , Pablo Walker , Caishen Wang , Chung-Hsiang Wang , En Wang , Guoli Wang , Jian Wang , Jun Wang , Kunyu Wang , Lu Wang , Meifen Wang , Meng Wang , Meng Wang , Ruiguang Wang , Siguang Wang , Wei Wang , Wei Wang , Wenshuai Wang , Xi Wang , Xiangyue Wang , Yangfu Wang , Yaoguang Wang , Yi Wang , Yi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuanqing Wang , Yuman Wang , Zhe Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhimin Wang , Zongyi Wang , Muhammad Waqas , Apimook Watcharangkool , Lianghong Wei , Wei Wei , Wenlu Wei , Yadong Wei , Kaile Wen , Liangjian Wen , Christopher Wiebusch , Steven Chan-Fai Wong , Bjoern Wonsak , Diru Wu , Qun Wu , Zhi Wu , Michael Wurm , Jacques Wurtz , Christian Wysotzki , Yufei Xi , Dongmei Xia , Xiang Xiao , Xiaochuan Xie , Yuguang Xie , Zhangquan Xie , Zhizhong Xing , Benda Xu , Cheng Xu , Donglian Xu , Fanrong Xu , Hangkun Xu , Jilei Xu , Jing Xu , Meihang Xu , Yin Xu , Yu Xu , Baojun Yan , Taylor Yan , Wenqi Yan , Xiongbo Yan , Yupeng Yan , Anbo Yang , Changgen Yang , Chengfeng Yang , Huan Yang , Jie Yang , Lei Yang , Xiaoyu Yang , Yifan Yang , Yifan Yang , Haifeng Yao , Zafar Yasin , Jiaxuan Ye , Mei Ye , Ziping Ye , Frédéric Yermia , Peihuai Yi , Na Yin , Xiangwei Yin , Zhengyun You , Boxiang Yu , Chiye Yu , Chunxu Yu , Hongzhao Yu , Miao Yu , Xianghui Yu , Zeyuan Yu , Zezhong Yu , Chengzhuo Yuan , Ying Yuan , Zhenxiong Yuan , Baobiao Yue , Noman Zafar , Vitalii Zavadskyi , Shan Zeng , Tingxuan Zeng , Yuda Zeng , Liang Zhan , Aiqiang Zhang , Feiyang Zhang , Guoqing Zhang , Haiqiong Zhang , Honghao Zhang , Jialiang Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Jie Zhang , Jin Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Jinnan Zhang , Peng Zhang , Qingmin Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Shu Zhang , Tao Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Xin Zhang , Xuantong Zhang , Xueyao Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yinhong Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Yongpeng Zhang , Yu Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yumei Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhijian Zhang , Fengyi Zhao , Jie Zhao , Rong Zhao , Shujun Zhao , Tianchi Zhao , Dongqin Zheng , Hua Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Weirong Zhong , Jing Zhou , Li Zhou , Nan Zhou , Shun Zhou , Tong Zhou , Xiang Zhou , Jiang Zhu , Kangfu Zhu , Kejun Zhu , Zhihang Zhu , Bo Zhuang , Honglin Zhuang , Liang Zong , Jiaheng Zou
After several gravitational wave transients were discovered since 2015, studying neutrino signals coincident with the gravitational wave events now becomes an important mission for the existing neutrino experiments. Unfortunately, no…
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics
2019-08-19
Zhaokan Cheng , Jingbo Zhang , Chan Fai Wong , Wei Wang
The flagship measurement of the JUNO experiment is the determination of the neutrino mass ordering. Here we revisit its prospects to make this determination by 2030, using the current global knowledge of the relevant neutrino parameters as…
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics
2022-01-05
David V. Forero , Stephen J. Parke , Christoph A. Ternes , Renata Zukanovich Funchal
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector currently being built in a dedicated underground laboratory in China. It is a multi-purpose underground experiment with a physics program…
The OSIRIS detector is a subsystem of the liquid scintillator fillling chain of the JUNO reactor neutrino experiment. Its purpose is to validate the radiopurity of the scintillator to assure that all components of the JUNO scintillator…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2021-04-01
JUNO Collaboration , Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Fengpeng An , Guangpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André , Didier Auguste , Andrej Babic , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Davide Basilico , Eric Baussan , Marco Bellato , Antonio Bergnoli , Thilo Birkenfeld , Sylvie Blin , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clément Bordereau , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Mario Buscemi , Jose Busto , Ilya Butorov , Anatael Cabrera , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Pingping Chen , Po-An Chen , Shaomin Chen , Xurong Chen , Yi-Wen Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Alexey Chetverikov , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Artem Chukanov , Gérard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Daniele Corti , Salvatore Costa , Flavio Dal Corso , Olivia Dalager , Christophe De La Taille , Jiawei Deng , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Wilfried Depnering , Marco Diaz , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Dmitry Dolzhikov , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos , Frédéric Druillole , Shuxian Du , Stefano Dusini , Martin Dvorak , Timo Enqvist , Heike Enzmann , Andrea Fabbri , Lukas Fajt , Donghua Fan , Lei Fan , Can Fang , Jian Fang , Wenxing Fang , Marco Fargetta , Dmitry Fedoseev , Vladko Fekete , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Richard Ford , Andrey Formozov , Amélie Fournier , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Christoph Genster , Marco Giammarchi , Agnese Giaz , Nunzio Giudice , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Yuri Gornushkin , Alexandre Göttel , Marco Grassi , Christian Grewing , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Maria Gul , Cong Guo , Jingyuan Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Yuhang Guo , Paul Hackspacher , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Muhammad Sohaib Hassan , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , Daojin Hong , YuenKeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Chunhao Huang , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xin Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cédric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Beatrice Jelmini , Kuo-Lun Jen , Ignacio Jeria , Xiaolu Ji , Xingzhao Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Di Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Ruyi Jin , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet , Jari Joutsenvaara , Sirichok Jungthawan , Leonidas Kalousis , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Michael Karagounis , Narine Kazarian , Waseem Khan , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Andre Kruth , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Pasi Kuusiniemi , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sébastien Leblanc , Victor Lebrin , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Haitao Li , Huiling Li , Jiaqi Li , Mengzhao Li , Min Li , Nan Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Shanfeng Li , Tao Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yufeng Li , Zhaohan Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Hao Liang , Hao Liang , Jingjing Liang , Jiajun Liao , Daniel Liebau , Ayut Limphirat , Sukit Limpijumnong , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Ivano Lippi , Fang Liu , Haidong Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shuangyu Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Xiwen Liu , Yan Liu , Yunzhe Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Xiaoxu Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Pengwei Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Bangzheng Ma , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Yury Malyshkin , Fabio Mantovani , Francesco Manzali , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. Mari , Filippo Marini , Sadia Marium , Cristina Martellini , Gisele Martin-Chassard , Agnese Martini , Davit Mayilyan , Ints Mednieks , Yue Meng , Anselmo Meregaglia , Emanuela Meroni , David Meyhöfer , Mauro Mezzetto , Jonathan Miller , Lino Miramonti , Paolo Montini , Michele Montuschi , Axel Müller , Pavithra Muralidharan , Massimiliano Nastasi , Dmitry V. Naumov , Elena Naumova , Diana Navas-Nicolas , Igor Nemchenok , MinhThuan NguyenThi , Feipeng Ning , Zhe Ning , Hiroshi Nunokawa , Lothar Oberauer , Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux , Alexander Olshevskiy , Domizia Orestano , Fausto Ortica , Rainer Othegraven , Hsiao-Ru Pan , Alessandro Paoloni , Nina Parkalian , Sergio Parmeggiano , Yatian Pei , Nicomede Pelliccia , Anguo Peng , Haiping Peng , Frédéric Perrot , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Fabrizio Petrucci , Oliver Pilarczyk , Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico , Artyom Popov , Pascal Poussot , Wathan Pratumwan , Ezio Previtali , Fazhi Qi , Ming Qi , Sen Qian , Xiaohui Qian , Zhen Qian , Hao Qiao , Zhonghua Qin , Shoukang Qiu , Muhammad Usman Rajput , Gioacchino Ranucci , Neill Raper , Alessandra Re , Henning Rebber , Abdel Rebii , Bin Ren , Jie Ren , Barbara Ricci , Markus Robens , Mathieu Roche , Narongkiat Rodphai , Aldo Romani , Bedřich Roskovec , Christian Roth , Xiangdong Ruan , Xichao Ruan , Saroj Rujirawat , Arseniy Rybnikov , Andrey Sadovsky , Paolo Saggese , Simone Sanfilippo , Anut Sangka , Nuanwan Sanguansak , Utane Sawangwit , Julia Sawatzki , Fatma Sawy , Michaela Schever , Cédric Schwab , Konstantin Schweizer , Alexandr Selyunin , Andrea Serafini , Giulio Settanta , Mariangela Settimo , Zhuang Shao , Vladislav Sharov , Arina Shaydurova , Jingyan Shi , Yanan Shi , Vitaly Shutov , Andrey Sidorenkov , Fedor Šimkovic , Chiara Sirignano , Jaruchit Siripak , Monica Sisti , Maciej Slupecki , Mikhail Smirnov , Oleg Smirnov , Thiago Sogo-Bezerra , Sergey Sokolov , Julanan Songwadhana , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Albert Sotnikov , Ondřej Šrámek , Warintorn Sreethawong , Achim Stahl , Luca Stanco , Konstantin Stankevich , Dušan Štefánik , Hans Steiger , Jochen Steinmann , Tobias Sterr , Matthias Raphael Stock , Virginia Strati , Alexander Studenikin , Gongxing Sun , Shifeng Sun , Xilei Sun , Yongjie Sun , Yongzhao Sun , Narumon Suwonjandee , Michal Szelezniak , Jian Tang , Qiang Tang , Quan Tang , Xiao Tang , Alexander Tietzsch , Igor Tkachev , Tomas Tmej , Konstantin Treskov , Andrea Triossi , Giancarlo Troni , Wladyslaw Trzaska , Cristina Tuve , Nikita Ushakov , Johannes van den Boom , Stefan van Waasen , Guillaume Vanroyen , Nikolaos Vassilopoulos , Vadim Vedin , Giuseppe Verde , Maxim Vialkov , Benoit Viaud , Cornelius Vollbrecht , Cristina Volpe , Vit Vorobel , Dmitriy Voronin , Lucia Votano , Pablo Walker , Caishen Wang , Chung-Hsiang Wang , En Wang , Guoli Wang , Jian Wang , Jun Wang , Kunyu Wang , Lu Wang , Meifen Wang , Meng Wang , Meng Wang , Ruiguang Wang , Siguang Wang , Wei Wang , Wei Wang , Wenshuai Wang , Xi Wang , Xiangyue Wang , Yangfu Wang , Yaoguang Wang , Yi Wang , Yi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuanqing Wang , Yuman Wang , Zhe Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhimin Wang , Zongyi Wang , Muhammad Waqas , Apimook Watcharangkool , Lianghong Wei , Wei Wei , Wenlu Wei , Yadong Wei , Liangjian Wen , Christopher Wiebusch , Steven Chan-Fai Wong , Bjoern Wonsak , Diru Wu , Fangliang Wu , Qun Wu , Zhi Wu , Michael Wurm , Jacques Wurtz , Christian Wysotzki , Yufei Xi , Dongmei Xia , Yuguang Xie , Zhangquan Xie , Zhizhong Xing , Benda Xu , Cheng Xu , Donglian Xu , Fanrong Xu , Hangkun Xu , Jilei Xu , Jing Xu , Meihang Xu , Yin Xu , Yu Xu , Baojun Yan , Taylor Yan , Wenqi Yan , Xiongbo Yan , Yupeng Yan , Anbo Yang , Changgen Yang , Huan Yang , Jie Yang , Lei Yang , Xiaoyu Yang , Yifan Yang , Yifan Yang , Haifeng Yao , Zafar Yasin , Jiaxuan Ye , Mei Ye , Ziping Ye , Ugur Yegin , Frédéric Yermia , Peihuai Yi , Na Yin , Xiangwei Yin , Zhengyun You , Boxiang Yu , Chiye Yu , Chunxu Yu , Hongzhao Yu , Miao Yu , Xianghui Yu , Zeyuan Yu , Zezhong Yu , Chengzhuo Yuan , Ying Yuan , Zhenxiong Yuan , Ziyi Yuan , Baobiao Yue , Noman Zafar , Andre Zambanini , Vitalii Zavadskyi , Shan Zeng , Tingxuan Zeng , Yuda Zeng , Liang Zhan , Aiqiang Zhang , Feiyang Zhang , Guoqing Zhang , Haiqiong Zhang , Honghao Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Jie Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Jinnan Zhang , Peng Zhang , Qingmin Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Shu Zhang , Tao Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Xuantong Zhang , Xueyao Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yinhong Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Yongpeng Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yumei Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhijian Zhang , Fengyi Zhao , Jie Zhao , Rong Zhao , Shujun Zhao , Tianchi Zhao , Dongqin Zheng , Hua Zheng , Minshan Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Weirong Zhong , Jing Zhou , Li Zhou , Nan Zhou , Shun Zhou , Tong Zhou , Xiang Zhou , Jiang Zhu , Kangpu Zhu , Kejun Zhu , Zhihang Zhu , Bo Zhuang , Honglin Zhuang , Liang Zong , Jiaheng Zou
Natural radioactivity represents one of the main backgrounds in the search for neutrinoless double beta decay. Within the NEXT physics program, the radioactivity-induced backgrounds are measured with the NEXT-White detector. Data from 37.9…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2019-10-28
NEXT Collaboration , P. Novella , B. Palmeiro , M. Sorel , A. Usón , P. Ferrario , J. J. Gómez-Cadenas , C. Adams , V. Álvarez , L. Arazi , I. J. Arnquist , C. D. R Azevedo , K. Bailey , F. Ballester , J. M. Benlloch-Rodríguez , F. I. G. M. Borges , N. Byrnes , S. Cárcel , J. V. Carrión , S. Cebrián , E. Church , C. A. N. Conde , T. Contreras , G. Díaz López , J. Díaz , M. Diesburg , J. Escada , R. Esteve , R. Felkai , A. F. M. Fernandes , L. M. P. Fernandes , A. L. Ferreira , E. D. C. Freitas , J. Generowicz , S. Ghosh , A. Goldschmidt , D. González-Díaz , R. Guenette , R. M. Gutiérrez , J. Haefner , K. Hafidi , J. Hauptman , C. A. O. Henriques , J. A. Hernando Morata , P. Herrero , V. Herrero , Y. Ifergan , S. Johnston , B. J. P. Jones , M. Kekic , L. Labarga , A. Laing , P. Lebrun , N. López-March , M. Losada , R. D. P. Mano , J. Martín-Albo , A. Martínez , G. Martínez-Lema , A. D. McDonald , F. Monrabal , C. M. B. Monteiro , F. J. Mora , J. Muñoz Vidal , D. R. Nygren , A. Para , J. Pérez , F. Psihas , M. Querol , J. Renner , J. Repond , S. Riordan , L. Ripoll , Y. Rodríguez García , J. Rodríguez , L. Rogers , B. Romeo , C. Romo-Luque , F. P. Santos , J. M. F. dos Santos , A. Simón , C. Sofka , T. Stiegler , J. F. Toledo , J. Torrent , J. F. C. A. Veloso , R. Webb , R. Weiss-Babai , J. T. White , K. Woodruff , N. Yahlali
We propose the first practical method to detect atmospheric tau neutrino appearance at sub-GeV energies, which would be an important test of $\nu_\mu \rightarrow \nu_\tau$ oscillations and of new-physics scenarios. In the Jiangmen…
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics
2025-05-15
Stephan A. Meighen-Berger , John F. Beacom , Nicole F. Bell , Matthew J. Dolan
We present the calibration strategy for the 20 kton liquid scintillator central detector of the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO). By utilizing a comprehensive multiple-source and multiple-positional calibration program, in…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2021-03-17
JUNO collaboration , Angel Abusleme , Thomas Adam , Shakeel Ahmad , Rizwan Ahmed , Sebastiano Aiello , Muhammad Akram , Fengpeng An , Guangpeng An , Qi An , Giuseppe Andronico , Nikolay Anfimov , Vito Antonelli , Tatiana Antoshkina , Burin Asavapibhop , João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André , Didier Auguste , Andrej Babic , Wander Baldini , Andrea Barresi , Eric Baussan , Marco Bellato , Antonio Bergnoli , Enrico Bernieri , Thilo Birkenfeld , Sylvie Blin , David Blum , Simon Blyth , Anastasia Bolshakova , Mathieu Bongrand , Clément Bordereau , Dominique Breton , Augusto Brigatti , Riccardo Brugnera , Riccardo Bruno , Antonio Budano , Mario Buscemi , Jose Busto , Ilya Butorov , Anatael Cabrera , Hao Cai , Xiao Cai , Yanke Cai , Zhiyan Cai , Antonio Cammi , Agustin Campeny , Chuanya Cao , Guofu Cao , Jun Cao , Rossella Caruso , Cédric Cerna , Jinfan Chang , Yun Chang , Pingping Chen , Po-An Chen , Shaomin Chen , Shenjian Chen , Xurong Chen , Yi-Wen Chen , Yixue Chen , Yu Chen , Zhang Chen , Jie Cheng , Yaping Cheng , Davide Chiesa , Pietro Chimenti , Artem Chukanov , Anna Chuvashova , Gérard Claverie , Catia Clementi , Barbara Clerbaux , Selma Conforti Di Lorenzo , Daniele Corti , Salvatore Costa , Flavio Dal Corso , Olivia Dalager , Christophe De La Taille , Jiawei Deng , Zhi Deng , Ziyan Deng , Wilfried Depnering , Marco Diaz , Xuefeng Ding , Yayun Ding , Bayu Dirgantara , Sergey Dmitrievsky , Tadeas Dohnal , Georgy Donchenko , Jianmeng Dong , Damien Dornic , Evgeny Doroshkevich , Marcos Dracos , Frédéric Druillole , Shuxian Du , Stefano Dusini , Martin Dvorak , Timo Enqvist , Heike Enzmann , Andrea Fabbri , Lukas Fajt , Donghua Fan , Lei Fan , Can Fang , Jian Fang , Marco Fargetta , Anna Fatkina , Dmitry Fedoseev , Vladko Fekete , Li-Cheng Feng , Qichun Feng , Richard Ford , Andrey Formozov , Amélie Fournier , Haonan Gan , Feng Gao , Alberto Garfagnini , Alexandre Göttel , Christoph Genster , Marco Giammarchi , Agnese Giaz , Nunzio Giudice , Franco Giuliani , Maxim Gonchar , Guanghua Gong , Hui Gong , Oleg Gorchakov , Yuri Gornushkin , Marco Grassi , Christian Grewing , Vasily Gromov , Minghao Gu , Xiaofei Gu , Yu Gu , Mengyun Guan , Nunzio Guardone , Maria Gul , Cong Guo , Jingyuan Guo , Wanlei Guo , Xinheng Guo , Yuhang Guo , Paul Hackspacher , Caren Hagner , Ran Han , Yang Han , Muhammad Hassan , Miao He , Wei He , Tobias Heinz , Patrick Hellmuth , Yuekun Heng , Rafael Herrera , Daojin Hong , YuenKeung Hor , Shaojing Hou , Yee Hsiung , Bei-Zhen Hu , Hang Hu , Jianrun Hu , Jun Hu , Shouyang Hu , Tao Hu , Zhuojun Hu , Chunhao Huang , Guihong Huang , Hanxiong Huang , Qinhua Huang , Wenhao Huang , Xingtao Huang , Yongbo Huang , Jiaqi Hui , Lei Huo , Wenju Huo , Cédric Huss , Safeer Hussain , Antonio Insolia , Ara Ioannisian , Roberto Isocrate , Beatrice Jelmini , Kuo-Lun Jen , Xiaolu Ji , Xingzhao Ji , Huihui Jia , Junji Jia , Siyu Jian , Di Jiang , Xiaoshan Jiang , Ruyi Jin , Xiaoping Jing , Cécile Jollet , Jari Joutsenvaara , Sirichok Jungthawan , Leonidas Kalousis , Philipp Kampmann , Li Kang , Michael Karagounis , Narine Kazarian , Amir Khan , Waseem Khan , Khanchai Khosonthongkee , Patrick Kinz , Denis Korablev , Konstantin Kouzakov , Alexey Krasnoperov , Svetlana Krokhaleva , Zinovy Krumshteyn , Andre Kruth , Nikolay Kutovskiy , Pasi Kuusiniemi , Tobias Lachenmaier , Cecilia Landini , Sébastien Leblanc , Victor Lebrin , Frederic Lefevre , Ruiting Lei , Rupert Leitner , Jason Leung , Demin Li , Fei Li , Fule Li , Haitao Li , Huiling Li , Jiaqi Li , Jin Li , Kaijie Li , Mengzhao Li , Nan Li , Nan Li , Qingjiang Li , Ruhui Li , Shanfeng Li , Shuaijie Li , Tao Li , Weidong Li , Weiguo Li , Xiaomei Li , Xiaonan Li , Xinglong Li , Yi Li , Yufeng Li , Zhibing Li , Ziyuan Li , Hao Liang , Hao Liang , Jingjing Liang , Daniel Liebau , Ayut Limphirat , Sukit Limpijumnong , Guey-Lin Lin , Shengxin Lin , Tao Lin , Jiajie Ling , Ivano Lippi , Fang Liu , Haidong Liu , Hongbang Liu , Hongjuan Liu , Hongtao Liu , Hu Liu , Hui Liu , Jianglai Liu , Jinchang Liu , Min Liu , Qian Liu , Qin Liu , Runxuan Liu , Shuangyu Liu , Shubin Liu , Shulin Liu , Xiaowei Liu , Yan Liu , Alexey Lokhov , Paolo Lombardi , Claudio Lombardo , Kai Loo , Chuan Lu , Haoqi Lu , Jingbin Lu , Junguang Lu , Shuxiang Lu , Xiaoxu Lu , Bayarto Lubsandorzhiev , Sultim Lubsandorzhiev , Livia Ludhova , Fengjiao Luo , Guang Luo , Pengwei Luo , Shu Luo , Wuming Luo , Vladimir Lyashuk , Qiumei Ma , Si Ma , Xiaoyan Ma , Xubo Ma , Jihane Maalmi , Yury Malyshkin , Fabio Mantovani , Francesco Manzali , Xin Mao , Yajun Mao , Stefano M. Mari , Filippo Marini , Sadia Marium , Cristina Martellini , Gisele Martin-Chassard , Agnese Martini , Davit Mayilyan , Axel Müller , Ints Mednieks , Yue Meng , Anselmo Meregaglia , Emanuela Meroni , David Meyhöfer , Mauro Mezzetto , Jonathan Miller , Lino Miramonti , Salvatore Monforte , Paolo Montini , Michele Montuschi , Nikolay Morozov , Waqas Muhammad , Pavithra Muralidharan , Massimiliano Nastasi , Dmitry V. Naumov , Elena Naumova , Igor Nemchenok , Feipeng Ning , Zhe Ning , Hiroshi Nunokawa , Lothar Oberauer , Juan Pedro Ochoa-Ricoux , Alexander Olshevskiy , Domizia Orestano , Fausto Ortica , Hsiao-Ru Pan , Alessandro Paoloni , Nina Parkalian , Sergio Parmeggiano , Teerapat Payupol , Yatian Pei , Nicomede Pelliccia , Anguo Peng , Haiping Peng , Frédéric Perrot , Pierre-Alexandre Petitjean , Fabrizio Petrucci , Luis Felipe Piñeres Rico , Oliver Pilarczyk , Artyom Popov , Pascal Poussot , Wathan Pratumwan , Ezio Previtali , Fazhi Qi , Ming Qi , Sen Qian , Xiaohui Qian , Hao Qiao , Zhonghua Qin , Shoukang Qiu , Muhammad Rajput , Gioacchino Ranucci , Neill Raper , Alessandra Re , Henning Rebber , Abdel Rebii , Bin Ren , Jie Ren , Taras Rezinko , Barbara Ricci , Markus Robens , Mathieu Roche , Narongkiat Rodphai , Aldo Romani , Bedřich Roskovec , Christian Roth , Xiangdong Ruan , Xichao Ruan , Saroj Rujirawat , Arseniy Rybnikov , Andrey Sadovsky , Paolo Saggese , Giuseppe Salamanna , Simone Sanfilippo , Anut Sangka , Nuanwan Sanguansak , Utane Sawangwit , Julia Sawatzki , Fatma Sawy , Michaela Schever , Jacky Schuler , Cédric Schwab , Konstantin Schweizer , Dmitry Selivanov , Alexandr Selyunin , Andrea Serafini , Giulio Settanta , Mariangela Settimo , Zhuang Shao , Vladislav Sharov , Jingyan Shi , Vitaly Shutov , Andrey Sidorenkov , Fedor Šimkovic , Chiara Sirignano , Jaruchit Siripak , Monica Sisti , Maciej Slupecki , Mikhail Smirnov , Oleg Smirnov , Thiago Sogo-Bezerra , Julanan Songwadhana , Boonrucksar Soonthornthum , Albert Sotnikov , Ondrej Sramek , Warintorn Sreethawong , Achim Stahl , Luca Stanco , Konstantin Stankevich , Dušan Štefánik , Hans Steiger , Jochen Steinmann , Tobias Sterr , Matthias Raphael Stock , Virginia Strati , Alexander Studenikin , Gongxing Sun , Shifeng Sun , Xilei Sun , Yongjie Sun , Yongzhao Sun , Narumon Suwonjandee , Michal Szelezniak , Jian Tang , Qiang Tang , Quan Tang , Xiao Tang , Alexander Tietzsch , Igor Tkachev , Tomas Tmej , Konstantin Treskov , Andrea Triossi , Giancarlo Troni , Wladyslaw Trzaska , Cristina Tuve , Stefan van Waasen , Johannes van den Boom , Guillaume Vanroyen , Nikolaos Vassilopoulos , Vadim Vedin , Giuseppe Verde , Maxim Vialkov , Benoit Viaud , Cristina Volpe , Vit Vorobel , Lucia Votano , Pablo Walker , Caishen Wang , Chung-Hsiang Wang , En Wang , Guoli Wang , Jian Wang , Jun Wang , Kunyu Wang , Lu Wang , Meifen Wang , Meng Wang , Meng Wang , Ruiguang Wang , Siguang Wang , Wei Wang , Wei Wang , Wenshuai Wang , Xi Wang , Xiangyue Wang , Yangfu Wang , Yaoguang Wang , Yi Wang , Yi Wang , Yifang Wang , Yuanqing Wang , Yuman Wang , Zhe Wang , Zheng Wang , Zhimin Wang , Zongyi Wang , Apimook Watcharangkool , Lianghong Wei , Wei Wei , Yadong Wei , Liangjian Wen , Christopher Wiebusch , Steven Chan-Fai Wong , Bjoern Wonsak , Diru Wu , Fangliang Wu , Qun Wu , Wenjie Wu , Zhi Wu , Michael Wurm , Jacques Wurtz , Christian Wysotzki , Yufei Xi , Dongmei Xia , Mengjiao Xiao , Yuguang Xie , Zhangquan Xie , Zhizhong Xing , Benda Xu , Cheng Xu , Donglian Xu , Fanrong Xu , Jilei Xu , Jing Xu , Meihang Xu , Yin Xu , Yu Xu , Baojun Yan , Xiongbo Yan , Yupeng Yan , Anbo Yang , Changgen Yang , Huan Yang , Jie Yang , Lei Yang , Xiaoyu Yang , Yifan Yang , Haifeng Yao , Zafar Yasin , Jiaxuan Ye , Mei Ye , Ziping Ye , Ugur Yegin , Frédéric Yermia , Peihuai Yi , Xiangwei Yin , Zhengyun You , Boxiang Yu , Chiye Yu , Chunxu Yu , Hongzhao Yu , Miao Yu , Xianghui Yu , Zeyuan Yu , Chengzhuo Yuan , Ying Yuan , Zhenxiong Yuan , Ziyi Yuan , Baobiao Yue , Noman Zafar , Andre Zambanini , Shan Zeng , Tingxuan Zeng , Yuda Zeng , Liang Zhan , Feiyang Zhang , Guoqing Zhang , Haiqiong Zhang , Honghao Zhang , Jiawen Zhang , Jie Zhang , Jingbo Zhang , Peng Zhang , Qingmin Zhang , Shiqi Zhang , Shu Zhang , Tao Zhang , Xiaomei Zhang , Xuantong Zhang , Yan Zhang , Yinhong Zhang , Yiyu Zhang , Yongpeng Zhang , Yuanyuan Zhang , Yumei Zhang , Zhenyu Zhang , Zhijian Zhang , Fengyi Zhao , Jie Zhao , Rong Zhao , Shujun Zhao , Tianchi Zhao , Dongqin Zheng , Hua Zheng , Minshan Zheng , Yangheng Zheng , Weirong Zhong , Jing Zhou , Li Zhou , Nan Zhou , Shun Zhou , Xiang Zhou , Jiang Zhu , Kejun Zhu , Honglin Zhuang , Liang Zong , Jiaheng Zou
We scrutinize the potential of upcoming ultra-near reactor neutrino experiments to detect radiative corrections in the elastic neutrino-electron scattering channel, focusing on the JUNO-TAO and CLOUD detectors, which employ advanced…
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics
2024-12-10
Vedran Brdar , Leonardo J. Ferreira Leite , George A. Parker , Xun-Jie Xu
We explore how well reactor antineutrino experiments can constrain or measure the loss of quantum coherence in neutrino oscillations. We assume that decoherence effects are encoded in the size of the neutrino wave-packet, $\sigma$. We find…
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics
2020-08-24
André de Gouvêa , Valentina De Romeri , Christoph A. Ternes
The RENO experiment has been in operation since August 2011 to measure reactor antineutrino disappearance using identical near and far detectors. For accurate measurements of neutrino mixing parameters and efficient data taking, it is…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2015-12-10
J. H. Choi , H. I. Jang , W. Q. Choi , Y. Choi , J. S. Jang , E. J. Jeon , K. K. Joo , B. R. Kim , H. S. Kim , J. Y. Kim , S. B. Kim , S. Y. Kim , W. Kim , Y. D. Kim , Y. J. Ko , J. K. Lee , I. T. Lim , M. Y. Pac , I. G. Park , J. S. Park , R. G. Park , H. K. Seo , C. D. Shin , K. Siyeon , I. S. Yeo , I. Yu
The determination of the neutrino mass ordering is currently pursued by several experiments and proposals. A very challenging one is its evaluation from reactor experiments based on the tiny interference effect between the $\Delta m^2_{31}$…
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics
2017-12-20
Luca Stanco , Giuseppe Salamanna , Alexey Lokhov , Fatma Sawy , Chiara Sirignano
We carried out a study of neutrino detection at the experimental fast reactor JOYO using a 0.76 tons gadolinium loaded liquid scintillator detector. The detector was set up on the ground level at 24.3m from the JOYO reactor core of 140MW…
High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics
2015-05-30
H. Furuta , Y. Fukuda , T. Hara , T. Haruna , N. Ishihara , M. Ishitsuka , C. Ito , M. Katsumata , T. Kawasaki , T. Konno , M. Kuze , J. Maeda , T. Matsubara , H. Miyata , Y. Nagasaka , K. Nitta , Y. Sakamoto , F. Suekane , T. Sumiyoshi , H. Tabata , M. Takamatsu , N. Tamura
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) project aims at probing, at the same time, the two main frequencies of three-flavor neutrino oscillations, as well as their interference related to the mass ordering (normal or inverted),…
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics
2020-09-09
Francesco Capozzi , Eligio Lisi , Antonio Marrone
The primary objective of the JUNO experiment is to determine the ordering of neutrino masses using a 20-kton liquid-scintillator detector. The 20-inch photomultiplier tube (PMT) plays a crucial role in achieving excellent energy resolution…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2024-02-06
Yu Zhang , Zhimin Wang , Min Li , Caimei Liu , Narongkiat Rodphai , Yongpeng Zhang , Jilei Xu , Changgen Yang , Yuekun Heng
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) employs a 20 kt liquid scintillator (LS) detector located 700 m underground. To meet its physics objectives, the LS must achieve an ultra-low $^{238}$U/$^{232}$Th content of 10$^{-17}$…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2026-03-05
Jie Zhao , Chenyang Cui , Yongpeng Zhang , Gaosong Li , Nan Wang , Monica Sisti
JUNO is a 20-kton liquid scintillator detector aiming to determine the neutrino mass ordering, precisely measure the oscillation parameters, detect the astrophysical neutrinos and search for exotic physics. It is designed to reach an energy…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2021-09-01
H. Q. Zhang , Z. M. Wang , F. J. Luo , A. B. Yang , D. R. Wu , Y. C. Li , Z. H. Qin , C. G. Yang , Y. K. Heng , Y. F. Wang , H. S. Chen
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is designed to study neutrino mass hierarchy and measure three of the neutrino oscillation parameters with high precision using reactor antineutrinos. It is also able to study many other…
Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics
2018-09-26
Qin Liu , Miao He , Xuefeng Ding , Weidong Li , Haiping Peng
It remains a possibility that neutrinos are pseudo-Dirac states, such that a generation is composed of two maximally mixed Majorana neutrinos separated by a very small mass difference. We explore the physics potential of the JUNO experiment…
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics
2023-04-13
Jack Franklin , Yuber F. Perez-Gonzalez , Jessica Turner
The measurement of the neutrino mixing angle $\theta_{13}$ opens a gateway for the next generation experiments to measure the neutrino mass hierarchy and the leptonic CP-violating phase. Future reactor experiments will focus on mass…