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We propose a continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI QKD) protocol, in which detection is conducted by an untrusted third party. Our protocol can defend all detector side channels, which seriously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-13 Zhengyu Li , Yi-Chen Zhang , Feihu Xu , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) protocols with discrete modulation are interesting due to their experimental simplicity and their great potential for massive deployment in the quantum-secured networks, but their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-01 Jie Lin , Twesh Upadhyaya , Norbert Lütkenhaus

Building scalable and secure quantum networks requires advanced quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols that support multi-user connectivity. Continuous-variable (CV) measurement-device-independent (MDI) QKD, which eliminates all detector…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-18 Adnan A. E. Hajomer , Ulrik L Andersen , Tobias Gehring

We present a detailed description of a widely applicable mathematical model for quantum key distribution (QKD) systems implementing the measurement-device-independent (MDI) protocol. The model is tested by comparing its predictions with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-22 Philip Chan , Joshua A. Slater , Itzel Lucio-Martinez , Allison Rubenok , Wolfgang Tittel

We propose the continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocol based on the Gaussian modulation of a single quadrature of the coherent states of light, which is aimed to provide simplified implementation compared to the symmetrically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-01-12 Vladyslav C. Usenko , Frédéric Grosshans

In a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) system, the information is conveyed by coherent state carriers. The quantum continuous variables are sent through a quantum channel, where the presence of the eavesdropper adds a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Laszlo Gyongyosi

Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) offers information-theoretic secure key sharing between two parties. The sharing of a phase reference frame is an essential requirement for coherent detection in CV-QKD. Due to the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Sebastian Kish , Eduardo Villaseñor , Robert Malaney , Kerry Mudge , Kenneth Grant

A significant performance inhibitor of free-space continuous variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is turbulence, which gives rise to wavefront phase and amplitude aberrations. We demonstrate that in a turbulent channel, during coherent…

We experimentally demonstrated a sub-Mbps key rate Gaussian-modulated coherent-state continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) over 100 km transmission distance. To efficiently control the excess noise, the quantum signal and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-12 Yaodi Pi , Heng Wang , Yan Pan , Yun Shao , Yang Li , Jie Yang , Yichen Zhang , Wei Huang , Bingjie Xu

Noiseless linear amplifiers (NLAs) provide a powerful tool to achieve long-distance continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) in the presence of realistic setups with non unit reconciliation efficiency. We address a NLA-assisted…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-10 Michele N. Notarnicola , Stefano Olivares

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols most often use two conjugate bases in order to verify the security of the quantum channel. In the majority of protocols, these bases are mutually unbiased to one another, which is to say they are…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has convincingly been proven compatible with real life applications. Its wide-scale deployment in optical networks will benefit from an optical platform that allows miniature devices capable of encoding the…

Passive quantum key distribution (QKD) has been proposed for discrete variable protocols to eliminate side channels in the source. Unfortunately, the key rate of passive DV-QKD protocols suffers from sifting loss and additional quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Chenyang Li , Chengqiu Hu , Wenyuan Wang , Rong Wang , Hoi-Kwong Lo

We introduce noise-adaptive quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, in which the honest parties optimize the encoding (state preparation) and decoding (measurement basis) operations according to the noise models affecting the honest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Abinash Kar , Ayan Patra , Aditi Sen De , Tamoghna Das

The security of prepare-and-measure satellite-based quantum key distribution (QKD), under restricted eavesdropping scenarios, is addressed. We particularly consider cases where the eavesdropper, Eve, has limited access to the transmitted…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD), leaving the detection procedure to the third partner and thus being immune to all detector side-channel attacks, is very promising for the construction of high-security…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-02 Xiang-Chun Ma , Shi-Hai Sun , Mu-Sheng Jiang , Ming Gui , Lin-Mei Liang

We assess the security of a quantum key distribution protocol relying on the transmission of Gaussian-modulated coherent states and homodyne detection. This protocol is shown to be equivalent to a squeezed state protocol based on a CSS code…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 S. Iblisdir , G. Van Assche , N. J. Cerf

Optical key distribution (OKD) protects the physical layer of communication links by taking advantage of the inherent noise present in the photodetection process. It allows for efficient generation of a shared random key between two distant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-24 Karol Łukanowski , Michał Wójcik , Stefano Olivares , Konrad Banaszek , Marcin Jarzyna

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) is considered to be an alternative to classical cryptography for secure communication. However, its transmission distance is restricted to metropolitan areas, given that it is affected by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-12 Jian Zhou , Duan Huang , Ying Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a provably secure way of generating a secret key, which can later be used for encoding and decoding information. In this paper we analyze the effects of an eavesdropper's variable-strength measurements on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-01 Yuval Idan , Tal Gofman , Ziv Abelson , Isabelle Cestier , Elad Mentovich , Eliahu Cohen