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Related papers: DORA: Toward Policy Optimization for Task-oriented…

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Policy learning (PL) is a module of a task-oriented dialogue system that trains an agent to make actions in each dialogue turn. Imitating human action is a fundamental problem of PL. However, both supervised learning (SL) and reinforcement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Zhoujian Sun , Chenyang Zhao , Zhengxing Huang , Nai Ding

This paper deals with distributed policy optimization in reinforcement learning, which involves a central controller and a group of learners. In particular, two typical settings encountered in several applications are considered:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-21 Tianyi Chen , Kaiqing Zhang , Georgios B. Giannakis , Tamer Başar

Proactive task-oriented dialogue (TOD), such as outbound sales, demands a persuasive agent that actively probes the user's concerns and steers the conversation toward acceptance within a bounded number of turns. Yet post-trained LLMs are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hongbin Zhang , Ning Gao , Yuqin Dai , Ruiyuan Wu , Jinpeng Wang , Rena Wei Gao , Bingdong Tan , Shuzheng Gao , Zongjie Li , Chaozheng Wang

To build an open-domain multi-turn conversation system is one of the most interesting and challenging tasks in Artificial Intelligence. Many research efforts have been dedicated to building such dialogue systems, yet few shed light on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-20 Lili Yao , Ruijian Xu , Chao Li , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn a policy using only pre-collected and fixed data. Although avoiding the time-consuming online interactions in RL, it poses challenges for out-of-distribution (OOD) state actions and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Jinxin Liu , Ziqi Zhang , Zhenyu Wei , Zifeng Zhuang , Yachen Kang , Sibo Gai , Donglin Wang

Humans face countless scenarios that require reasoning and judgment in daily life. However, existing large language model training methods primarily allow models to learn from existing textual content or solve predetermined problems,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yin Cai , Zhouhong Gu , Juntao Zhang , Ping Chen

Neural dialog state trackers are generally limited due to the lack of quantity and diversity of annotated training data. In this paper, we address this difficulty by proposing a reinforcement learning (RL) based framework for data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Yichun Yin , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Xiao Chen , Qun Liu

Vision-language-action (VLA) models demonstrate strong generalization in robotic manipulation but face challenges in complex, real-world tasks. While supervised fine-tuning with demonstrations is constrained by data quality, reinforcement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Piaopiao Jin , Qi Wang , Guokang Sun , Ziwen Cai , Pinjia He , Yangwei You

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems are required to identify key information from conversations for the completion of given tasks. Such information is conventionally specified in terms of intents and slots contained in task-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Jeffrey Zhao , Raghav Gupta , Yuan Cao , Dian Yu , Mingqiu Wang , Harrison Lee , Abhinav Rastogi , Izhak Shafran , Yonghui Wu

Reinforcement Learning (RL) is a semi-supervised learning paradigm which an agent learns by interacting with an environment. Deep learning in combination with RL provides an efficient method to learn how to interact with the environment is…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Thejan Rajapakshe , Rajib Rana , Sara Khalifa , Björn W. Schuller , Jiajun Liu

We investigate the task of learning to follow natural language instructions by jointly reasoning with visual observations and language inputs. In contrast to existing methods which start with learning from demonstrations (LfD) and then use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-10 Wenhan Xiong , Xiaoxiao Guo , Mo Yu , Shiyu Chang , Bowen Zhou , William Yang Wang

Tracking dialogue states to better interpret user goals and feed downstream policy learning is a bottleneck in dialogue management. Common practice has been to treat it as a problem of classifying dialogue content into a set of pre-defined…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-04 Lizi Liao , Yunshan Ma , Wenqiang Lei , Tat-Seng Chua

Most existing task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems track dialog states in terms of slots and values and use them to query a database to get relevant knowledge to generate responses. In real-life applications, user utterances are noisier, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Yucheng Cai , Hong Liu , Zhijian Ou , Yi Huang , Junlan Feng

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have proven transformative in a range of domains. To tackle real-world domains, these systems often use neural networks to learn policies directly from pixels or other high-dimensional sensory input.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Nishil Patel , Sebastian Lee , Stefano Sarao Mannelli , Sebastian Goldt , Andrew Saxe

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) models have made significant progress in recent years. However, previous studies primarily focus on datasets written by annotators, which has resulted in a gap between academic research and real-world spoken…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Shuzheng Si , Wentao Ma , Haoyu Gao , Yuchuan Wu , Ting-En Lin , Yinpei Dai , Hangyu Li , Rui Yan , Fei Huang , Yongbin Li

When a natural language generation (NLG) component is implemented in a real-world task-oriented dialogue system, it is necessary to generate not only natural utterances as learned on training data but also utterances adapted to the dialogue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-19 Atsumoto Ohashi , Ryuichiro Higashinaka

Dialogue assistants are rapidly becoming an indispensable daily aid. To avoid the significant effort needed to hand-craft the required dialogue flow, the Dialogue Management (DM) module can be cast as a continuous Markov Decision Process…

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven highly effective in addressing complex control and decision-making tasks. However, in most traditional RL algorithms, the policy is typically parameterized as a diagonal Gaussian distribution, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ruijie Hao , Longfei Zhang , Yang Dai , Yang Ma , Xingxing Liang , Guangquan Cheng

Learning task-oriented dialog policies via reinforcement learning typically requires large amounts of interaction with users, which in practice renders such methods unusable for real-world applications. In order to reduce the data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Jorge A. Mendez , Alborz Geramifard , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Bing Liu

Task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems aim to efficiently handle task-oriented conversations, including information collection. How to utilize TOD accurately, efficiently and effectively for information collection has always been a critical…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Ming Zhang , Caishuang Huang , Yilong Wu , Shichun Liu , Huiyuan Zheng , Yurui Dong , Yujiong Shen , Shihan Dou , Jun Zhao , Junjie Ye , Qi Zhang , Tao Gui , Xuanjing Huang