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In this paper, we study the computational complexity of the quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problem under the functional problem FP^NP categorization. We focus on four sub-classes: (1) When all coefficients are integers…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Hirotoshi Yasuoka

Jet clustering or reconstruction is a crucial component at high energy colliders, a procedure to identify sprays of collimated particles originating from the fragmentation and hadronization of quarks and gluons. It is a complicated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-03 Hideki Okawa , Xian-Zhe Tao , Qing-Guo Zeng , Man-Hong Yung

Quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) is the standard interface to quantum annealers, yet a single constrained task admits many QUBO encodings whose penalty choices reshape the energy landscape experienced by hardware. We study…

The Steiner Tree Problem (STP) is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, which has wide applications in network design, integrated circuit layout, bioinformatics, and other fields. However, traditional algorithms often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Dan Li , Xiang-Hui Wu , Ji-Rong Liu

Resource allocation of wide-area internet networks is inherently a combinatorial optimization problem that if solved quickly, could provide near real-time adaptive control of internet-protocol traffic ensuring increased network efficacy and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-21 Arthur Witt , Jangho Kim , Christopher Körber , Thomas Luu

One of the most well-known problems in transportation and logistics is the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP). It involves optimizing a set of truck routes to service a set of customers, subject to limits on truck capacity, to…

Partitioning transportation networks into balanced and spatially coherent traffic zones is a fundamental yet computationally challenging task in intelligent transportation systems. The resulting optimization problem exhibits dense…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ruimin Ke , Talha Azfar , Kaicong Huang , Shuyang Li

The LogQ algorithm encodes Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) problems with exponentially fewer qubits than the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). The advantages of conventional LogQ are accompanied by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-14 Yagnik Chatterjee , Jérémie Messud

We present a comprehensive case study comparing the performance of D-Waves' quantum-classical hybrid framework, Fujitsu's quantum-inspired digital annealer, and Gurobi's state-of-the-art classical solver in solving a transport robot…

Current world trade is based and supported in a strong and healthy supply chain, where logistics play a key role in producing and providing key assets and goods to keep societies and economies going. Current geopolitical and sanitary…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-19 Juan Francisco Ariño Sales , Raúl Andres Palacios Araos

Simulated annealing (SA) is a key algorithm for solving combinatorial optimization problems, which model numerous real-world systems. While SA is commonly used to solve quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, many…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-05 Kohei Suzuki

We introduce a qubit- and gate-efficient higher-order unconstrained binary optimization (HUBO) encoding for graph partitioning problems requiring label-count minimization. This widely applicable class of problems includes minimum graph…

This paper presents a novel optimization approach for allocating grid operation costs in Peer-to-Peer (P2P) electricity markets using Quantum Computing (QC). We develop a Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) model that matches…

In wireless communication networks, it is difficult to solve many NP-hard problems owing to computational complexity and high cost. Recently, quantum annealing (QA) based on quantum physics was introduced as a key enabler for solving…

Quantum computing is an advancing area of research in which computer hardware and algorithms are developed to take advantage of quantum mechanical phenomena. In recent studies, quantum algorithms have shown promise in solving linear systems…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-06-16 Katherine Asztalos , René Steijl , Romit Maulik

Power grid partitioning is an important requirement for resilient distribution grids. Since electricity production is progressively shifted to the distribution side, dynamic identification of self-reliant grid subsets becomes crucial for…

A quantum annealer heuristically minimizes quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, but is limited by the physical hardware in the size and density of the problems it can handle. We have developed a meta-heuristic solver…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2016-05-20 Gili Rosenberg , Mohammad Vazifeh , Brad Woods , Eldad Haber

We benchmark current annealing-based optimization workflows on a greenhouse-inspired quadratic unconstrained binary optimization problem for binary heater scheduling, where the horizon H denotes the number of hourly control decisions. For…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Hamzeh Alavirad , Maryam Bahrami Zanjani

This paper explores the applications of quantum annealing (QA) and classical simulated annealing (SA) to a suite of combinatorial optimization problems in machine learning, namely feature selection, instance selection, and clustering. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-22 Chloe Pomeroy , Aleksandar Pramov , Karishma Thakrar , Lakshmi Yendapalli

Factorization Machine (FM) is the most commonly used model to build a recommendation system since it can incorporate side information to improve performance. However, producing item suggestions for a given user with a trained FM is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-09 Chen-Yu Liu , Hsin-Yu Wang , Pei-Yen Liao , Ching-Jui Lai , Min-Hsiu Hsieh