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A sensor network is considered where at each sensor a sequence of random variables is observed. At each time step, a processed version of the observations is transmitted from the sensors to a common node called the fusion center. At some…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Taposh Banerjee , Venugopal V. Veeravalli

The combination of the Internet of Things and the Edge Computing gives many opportunities to support innovative applications close to end users. Numerous devices present in both infrastructures can collect data upon which various processing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Kostas Kolomvatsos , Christos Anagnostopoulos

Outliers are the points which are different from or inconsistent with the rest of the data. They can be novel, new, abnormal, unusual or noisy information. Outliers are sometimes more interesting than the majority of the data. The main…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2014-06-20 Singh Vijendra , Pathak Shivani

A trained ML model is deployed on another `test' dataset where target feature values (labels) are unknown. Drift is distribution change between the training and deployment data, which is concerning if model performance changes. For a…

Applications · Statistics 2022-09-07 Samuel Ackerman , Eitan Farchi , Orna Raz , Marcel Zalmanovici , Parijat Dube

While previous distribution shift detection approaches can identify if a shift has occurred, these approaches cannot localize which specific features have caused a distribution shift -- a critical step in diagnosing or fixing any underlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Sean Kulinski , Saurabh Bagchi , David I. Inouye

The ability to quickly and accurately identify covariate shift at test time is a critical and often overlooked component of safe machine learning systems deployed in high-risk domains. While methods exist for detecting when predictions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Tom Ginsberg , Zhongyuan Liang , Rahul G. Krishnan

It is important to detect anomalous inputs when deploying machine learning systems. The use of larger and more complex inputs in deep learning magnifies the difficulty of distinguishing between anomalous and in-distribution examples. At the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-30 Dan Hendrycks , Mantas Mazeika , Thomas Dietterich

This paper tackles the challenge of detecting unreliable behavior in regression algorithms, which may arise from intrinsic variability (e.g., aleatoric uncertainty) or modeling errors (e.g., model uncertainty). First, we formally introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Andres Altieri , Marco Romanelli , Georg Pichler , Florence Alberge , Pablo Piantanida

Improving the retrieval relevance on noisy datasets is an emerging need for the curation of a large-scale clean dataset in the medical domain. While existing methods can be applied for class-wise retrieval (aka. inter-class), they cannot…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Xiaoyuan Guo , Jiali Duan , Saptarshi Purkayastha , Hari Trivedi , Judy Wawira Gichoya , Imon Banerjee

Outliers are ubiquitous in modern data sets. Distance-based techniques are a popular non-parametric approach to outlier detection as they require no prior assumptions on the data generating distribution and are simple to implement. Scaling…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-05-04 Mario Lucic , Olivier Bachem , Andreas Krause

In recent years, there have been significant improvements in various forms of image outlier detection. However, outlier detection performance under adversarial settings lags far behind that in standard settings. This is due to the lack of…

Real data often contain anomalous cases, also known as outliers. These may spoil the resulting analysis but they may also contain valuable information. In either case, the ability to detect such anomalies is essential. A useful tool for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-13 Peter J. Rousseeuw , Mia Hubert

This paper introduces a universal approach to seamlessly combine out-of-distribution (OOD) detection scores. These scores encompass a wide range of techniques that leverage the self-confidence of deep learning models and the anomalous…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-25 Eduardo Dadalto , Florence Alberge , Pierre Duhamel , Pablo Piantanida

Despite agreement on the importance of detecting out-of-distribution (OOD) examples, there is little consensus on the formal definition of OOD examples and how to best detect them. We categorize these examples by whether they exhibit a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Udit Arora , William Huang , He He

Observations in data which are significantly different from its neighbouring points but cannot be classified as noise are known as anomalies or outliers. These anomalies are a cause of concern and a timely warning about their presence could…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-09 Krishnam Kapoor

Anomaly detection has many important applications, such as monitoring industrial equipment. Despite recent advances in anomaly detection with deep-learning methods, it is unclear how existing solutions would perform under…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Bingqing Chen , Luca Bondi , Samarjit Das

Semi-supervised learning (SSL) methods assume that labeled data, unlabeled data and test data are from the same distribution. Open-set semi-supervised learning (Open-set SSL) considers a more practical scenario, where unlabeled data and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Yang Yu , Danruo Deng , Furui Liu , Yueming Jin , Qi Dou , Guangyong Chen , Pheng-Ann Heng

Conventional semi-supervised learning (SSL) ideally assumes that labeled and unlabeled data share an identical class distribution, however in practice, this assumption is easily violated, as unlabeled data often includes unknown class data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Heejo Kong , Sung-Jin Kim , Gunho Jung , Seong-Whan Lee

Central moments and cumulants are often employed to characterize the distribution of data. The skewness and kurtosis are particularly useful for the detection of outliers, the assessment of departures from normally distributed data,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2014-03-24 Lorenzo Rimoldini

Detecting whether examples belong to a given in-distribution or are Out-Of-Distribution (OOD) requires identifying features specific to the in-distribution. In the absence of labels, these features can be learned by self-supervised…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Nima Rafiee , Rahil Gholamipoorfard , Nikolas Adaloglou , Simon Jaxy , Julius Ramakers , Markus Kollmann