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We present an open-source untethered quadrupedal soft robot platform for dynamic locomotion (e.g., high-speed running and backflipping). The robot is mostly soft (80 vol.%) while driven by four geared servo motors. The robot's soft body and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Boxi Xia , Jiaming Fu , Hongbo Zhu , Zhicheng Song , Yibo Jiang , Hod Lipson

Variable impedance actuators (VIAs) as tool devices for teleoperation could extend the range of tasks that humans can perform through a teleoperated robot by mimicking the change of upper limb stiffness that humans perform for different…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Manuel Aiple , Andre Schiele , Frans C. T. van der Helm

Highly articulated organisms serve as blueprints for incredibly dexterous mechanisms, but building similarly capable robotic counterparts has been hindered by the difficulties of developing electromechanical actuators with both the high…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Patrick Lancaster , Christoforos Mavrogiannis , Siddhartha Srinivasa , Joshua Smith

This manuscript presents a model of compliant contacts for time-critical humanoid robot motion control. The proposed model considers the environment as a continuum of spring-damper systems, which allows us to compute the equivalent contact…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Giulio Romualdi , Stefano Dafarra , Daniele Pucci

The design of robots that are light, soft, powerful is a grand challenge. Since they can easily adapt to dynamic environments, soft robotic systems have the potential of changing the status-quo of bulky robotics. A crucial component of soft…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-04-06 Nafiseh Ebrahimi , Sebastian Nugroho , Ahmad F. Taha , Nikolaos Gatsis , Wei Gao , Amir Jafari

Several recently released humanoid robots, inspired by the mechanical design of Cassie, employ actuator configurations in which the motors are displaced from the joints to reduce leg inertia. While studies accounting for the full kinematic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Victor Lutz , Ludovic de Matteis , Virgile Batto , Nicolas Mansard

Continuum robots with variable compliance have gained significant attention due to their adaptability in unstructured environments. Among various stiffness modulation techniques, layer jamming (LJ) provides a simple yet effective approach…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yeman Fan , Bowen Yi , Dikai Liu

We present the design and experimental results of the first 1-DOF, hip-actuated bipedal robot. While passive dynamic walking is simple by nature, many existing bipeds inspired by this form of walking are complex in control, mechanical…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-01 James Kyle , Justin K. Yim , Kendall Hart , Sarah Bergbreiter , Aaron M. Johnson

Step adjustment can improve the gait robustness of biped robots, however the adaptation of step timing is often neglected as it gives rise to non-convex problems when optimized over several footsteps. In this paper, we argue that it is not…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Majid Khadiv , Alexander Herzog , S. Ali A. Moosavian , Ludovic Righetti

Agile robotics presents a difficult challenge with robots moving at high speeds requiring precise and low-latency sensing and control. Creating agile motion that accomplishes the task at hand while being safe to execute is a key requirement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Arjun Krishna , Zulfiqar Zaidi , Letian Chen , Rohan Paleja , Esmaeil Seraj , Matthew Gombolay

Recent studies have demonstrated the immense potential of exploiting muscle actuator morphology for natural and robust movement -- in simulation. A validation on real robotic hardware is yet missing. In this study, we emulate muscle…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Pierre Schumacher , Lorenz Krause , Jan Schneider , Dieter Büchler , Georg Martius , Daniel Haeufle

This study introduces an innovative design for a Variable Stiffness 3 Degrees of Freedom actuated wrist capable of actively and continuously adjusting its overall stiffness by modulating the active length of non-linear elastic elements.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Giuseppe Milazzo , Manuel Giuseppe Catalano , Antonio Bicchi , Giorgio Grioli

Soft robots manufactured with flexible materials can be highly compliant and adaptive to their surroundings, which facilitates their application in areas such as dexterous manipulation and environmental exploration. This paper aims at…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Renjie Ma , Ziyao Qu , Zhijian Hu , Dong Zhao , Marios M. Polycarpou

The stiffness modulation mechanism for soft robotics has gained considerable attention to improve deformability, controllability, and stability. However, for the existing stiffness soft actuator, high lateral stiffness and a wide range of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Jianfeng Lin , Ruikang Xiao , Miao Li , Xiaohui Xiao , Zhao Guo

Living organisms intertwine soft (e.g., muscle) and hard (e.g., bones) materials, giving them an intrinsic flexibility and resiliency often lacking in conventional rigid robots. The emerging field of soft robotics seeks to harness these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2018-02-21 John Rieffel , Jean-Baptiste Mouret

The remarkable athletic intelligence displayed by humans in complex dynamic movements such as dancing and gymnastics suggests that the balance mechanism in biological beings is decoupled from specific movement patterns. This decoupling…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Jiayi Li , Linqi Ye , Yi Cheng , Houde Liu , Bin Liang

This paper introduces a new type of soft continuum robot, called SCoReS, which is capable of self-controlling continuously its curvature at the segment level; in contrast to previous designs which either require external forces or machine…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Xinran Wang , Qiujie Lu , Dongmyoung Lee , Zhongxue Gan , Nicolas Rojas

Soft optical tactile sensors enable robots to manipulate deformable objects by capturing important features such as high-resolution contact geometry and estimations of object compliance. This work presents a variable stiffness soft tactile…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-19 Carolyn Matl , Josephine Koe , Ruzena Bajcsy

Fluid-based soft actuators are an attractive option for lightweight and human-safe robots. These actuators, combined with fluid pressure force feedback, are in principle a form of series-elastic actuation (SEA), in which nearly all…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Chunpeng Wang , John P. Whitney

Legged robots constructed from soft materials are commonly claimed to demonstrate safer, more robust environmental interactions than their rigid counterparts. However, this motivating feature of soft robots requires more rigorous…