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The concept of energy lies at the foundation of physical science. In general relativity and quantum field theory, the positivity and conservation of energy are encapsulated by the so-called energy-momentum tensor and the energy conditions.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-12-02 Norihiro Iizuka , Akihiro Ishibashi , Kengo Maeda , Haruki Nakayama , Tatsuma Nishioka

The quantization of the electromagnetic field in vacuum is presented without reference to lagrangean quantum field theory. The equal time commutators of the fields are calculated from basic principles. A physical discussion of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. C. de la Torre

This series of introductory lectures consists of two parts. In the first part, I rapidly review the basic notions of quantum physics and many primitives of quantum information (i.e. notions that one must be somehow familiar with in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-08 Valerio Scarani

The aim of this paper is to enlight the emerging relevance of Quantum Information Theory in the field of Quantum Gravity. As it was suggested by J. A. Wheeler, information theory must play a relevant role in understanding the foundations of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-06-25 P. A. Zizzi

This is the draft version of a textbook, which aims to introduce the quantum information science viewpoints on condensed matter physics to graduate students in physics (or interested researchers). We keep the writing in a self-consistent…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-02-27 Bei Zeng , Xie Chen , Duan-Lu Zhou , Xiao-Gang Wen

A suitable unified statistical formulation of quantum and classical mechanics in a *-algebraic setting leads us to conclude that information itself is noncommutative in quantum mechanics. Specifically we refer here to an observer's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-02 Rocco Duvenhage

I argue that quantum mechanics is fundamentally a theory about the representation and manipulation of information, not a theory about the mechanics of nonclassical waves or particles. The notion of quantum information is to be understood as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Jeffrey Bub

The information provided by a classical measurement is unambiguously determined by the mutual information between the output results and the measured quantity. However, quantum mechanically there are at least two notions of information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Kurt Jacobs

We demonstrate that the concept of information offers a more complete description of complementarity than the traditional approach based on observables. We present the first experimental test of information complementarity for two-qubit…

When a massive quantum body is put into a spatial superposition, it is of interest to consider the quantum aspects of the gravitational field sourced by the body. We argue that in order to understand how the body may become entangled with…

We pedagogically present the information theory as originally established, explaining its essential ideas and paying attention to the expression employed to measure the amount of information. Also we discussed relationships between…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-10 Wallas S. Nascimento , Marcos M. de Almeida , Frederico V. Prudente

We consider the coupling of quantum fields to classical gravity in the formalism of ensembles on configuration space, a model that allows a consistent formulation of interacting classical and quantum systems. Explicit calculations show that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-19 Marcel Reginatto , Michael J. W. Hall

The success of the abstract model of computation, in terms of bits, logical operations, programming language constructs, and the like, makes it easy to forget that computation is a physical process. Our cherished notions of computation and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-18 Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Eleanor G. Rieffel , Valerio Scarani

We present a theory for modeling the structure of information and a language (Quanta) expressing the theory. Unlike Shannon's information theory, which focuses on the amount of information in an information system, we focus on the structure…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Bruce Long

We propose a model of quantum-like (QL) processing of mental information. This model is based on quantum information theory. However, in contrast to models of "quantum physical brain" reducing mental activity (at least at the highest level)…

General Physics · Physics 2012-10-09 Andrei Khrennikov

In this paper we give a self contained introduction to the conceptional and mathematical foundations of quantum information theory. In the first part we introduce the basic notions like entanglement, channels, teleportation etc. and their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 M. Keyl

The aim of this article is to provide an introduction to the use of quantum information methods for investigating the interface between quantum theory and gravity. To this end, we discuss the basic principles of two current research streams…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Bruna Sahdo , Natália Salomé Móller

Motivated by a revision of the classical equations of electromagnetism that allow for the inclusion of solitary waves in the solution space, the material collected in these notes examines the consequences of adopting the modified model in…

General Physics · Physics 2019-09-27 Daniele Funaro

A framework for a quantum mechanical information theory is introduced that is based entirely on density operators, and gives rise to a unified description of classical correlation and quantum entanglement. Unlike in classical (Shannon)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 N. J. Cerf , C. Adami

We present a framework for quantifying information flow within general quantum processes. For this purpose, we introduce the signaling power of quantum channels and discuss its relevant operational properties. This function supports…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-08 Leonardo S. V. Santos , Zhen-Peng Xu , Jyrki Piilo , Otfried Gühne