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Quantum error mitigation (EM) is a family of hybrid quantum-classical methods for eliminating or reducing the effect of noise and decoherence on quantum algorithms run on quantum hardware, without applying quantum error correction (EC).…

Achieving noise resilience is an outstanding challenge in Hamiltonian-based quantum computation. To this end, energy-gap protection provides a promising approach, where the desired quantum dynamics are encoded into the ground space of a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-12-11 Yingkang Cao , Suying Liu , Haowei Deng , Zihan Xia , Xiaodi Wu , Yu-Xin Wang

Errors are arguably the most pressing challenge impeding practical applications of quantum computers, which has instigated vigorous research on the development of quantum error mitigation (QEM) techniques. Existing QEM methods suppress…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-18 Akib Karim , Harish J. Vallury , Muhammad Usman

The effect of noise on a quantum system can be described by a set of operators obtained from the interaction Hamiltonian. Recently it has been shown that generalized quantum error correcting codes can be derived by studying the algebra of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 J. A. Holbrook , D. W. Kribs , R. Laflamme

Noise is one of the central obstacles to building useful quantum computers, and quantum error correction (QEC) provides the framework for protecting quantum information against it. Unlike classical error correction, QEC must preserve…

The reliable characterization of quantum states is a fundamental task in quantum information science. For this purpose, quantum state tomography provides a standard framework for reconstructing quantum states from measurement data, yet it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Yixuan Hu , Mengru Ma , Jiangwei Shang

A standard approach to quantum computing is based on the idea of promoting a classically simulable and fault-tolerant set of operations to a universal set by the addition of `magic' quantum states. In this context, we develop a general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-12 Matteo Lostaglio , Alessandro Ciani

Quantum simulation is a promising way toward practical quantum advantage, but noise in current quantum hardware poses a significant obstacle. We prove that not only the physical error but also the algorithmic error in a single Trotter step…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-29 Jue Xu , Chu Zhao , Junyu Fan , Qi Zhao

Quantum computers have the potential to outperform classical computers for some complex computational problems. However, current quantum computers (e.g., from IBM and Google) have inherent noise that results in errors in the outputs of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Asmar Muqeet , Shaukat Ali , Tao Yue , Paolo Arcaini

This paper is an expanded and more detailed version of our recent work in which the Operator Quantum Error Correction formalism was introduced. This is a new scheme for the error correction of quantum operations that incorporates the known…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 David W. Kribs , Raymond Laflamme , David Poulin , Maia Lesosky

Correcting errors due to noise in quantum circuits run on current and near-term quantum hardware is essential for any convincing demonstration of quantum advantage. Indeed, in many cases it has been shown that noise renders quantum circuits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-08 Rawad Mezher , James Mills , Elham Kashefi

There has been tremendous progress in the physical realization of quantum computing hardware in recent times, bringing us closer than ever before to realizing the promise of quantum computing. However, noise continues to pose a crucial…

Finding ground states and low-lying excitations of a given Hamiltonian is one of the most important problems in many fields of physics. As a novel approach, quantum computing on Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) devices offers the…

Quantum computers have enabled solving problems beyond the current computers' capabilities. However, this requires handling noise arising from unwanted interactions in these systems. Several protocols have been proposed to address efficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-14 Ali Shaib , Mohamad H. Naim , Mohammed E. Fouda , Rouwaida Kanj , Fadi Kurdahi

Quantum technologies work by utilizing properties inherent in quantum systems such as quantum coherence and quantum entanglement and are expected to be superior to classical counterparts for solving certain problems in science and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-10 Yusuke Hama , Hirofumi Nishi

Noise is a major challenge for building practical quantum computing systems. Precise characterization of quantum noise is crucial for developing effective error mitigation and correction schemes. However, state preparation and measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Senrui Chen , Akel Hashim , Noah Goss , Alireza Seif , Irfan Siddiqi , Liang Jiang

Quantum computers now show the promise of surpassing any possible classical machine. However, errors limit this ability and current machines do not have the ability to implement error correcting codes due to the limited number of qubits and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-26 Zhao-Ming Wang , Feng-Hua Ren , Mark S. Byrd , Lian-Ao Wu

We present a systematic investigation of deep learning methods applied to quantum error mitigation of noisy output probability distributions from measured quantum circuits. We compare different architectures, from fully connected neural…

As quantum computing hardware steadily increases in qubit count and quality, one important question is how to allocate these resources to mitigate the effects of hardware noise. In a transitional era between noisy small-scale and fully…

Quantum error mitigation techniques can reduce noise on current quantum hardware without the need for fault-tolerant quantum error correction. For instance, the quasiprobability method simulates a noise-free quantum computer using a noisy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-02-01 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Stefan Woerner