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In the first part of the article, a new interesting system of difference equations is introduced. It is developed for re-rating purposes in general insurance. A nonlinear transformation $\varphi $ of a d-dimensional $(d \ge 2)$ Euclidean…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-12 Muhamed Borogovac

Fixed point theorems are ubiquitous in economic research. Many studies cite Smithson (1971) ``Fixed points of order preserving multifunctions,'' yet the original proof contains errors. This note presents a new, concise proof and explains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Haruki Kono , Mark Voorneveld

Michael Handel proved in [7] the existence of a fixed point for an orientation preserving homeomorphism of the open unit disk that can be extended to the closed disk, provided that it has points whose orbits form an oriented cycle of links…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2012-08-13 Juliana Xavier

The Brouwer fixed point theorem states that the disk $D^n$ has the fixed point property. More generally, by the Lefschetz fixed point theorem any compact ANR with trivial rational homology has the fixed point property. In this note we prove…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2013-07-09 Jonathan Ariel Barmak

We established a fixed-point theorem for mapping satisfying a general contractive inequality of integral type depended an another function. This theorem substantially extend the theorem due to Branciari (2003) and Rhoades (2003)

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2009-03-10 S. Moradi

Taking as model the attractor of an iterated function system consisting of phi-contractions on a complete and bounded metric space, we introduce the set-theoretic concept of family of functions having attractor. We prove that, given such a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-01-30 Radu Miculescu , Alexandru Mihail

We present proofs of basic results, including those developed by Harold Bell, for the plane fixed point problem: does every map of a non-separating plane continuum have a fixed point? Some of these results had been announced much earlier by…

General Topology · Mathematics 2016-01-18 Alexander M. Blokh , Robbert J. Fokkink , John C. Mayer , Lex G. Oversteegen , E. D. Tymchatyn

For a topological space $X$ a topological contraction on $X$ is a closed mapping $f:X\to X$ such that for every open cover of $X$ there is a positive integer $n$ such that the image of the space $X$ via the $n$th iteration of $f$ is a…

General Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Michał Morayne , Robert Rałowski

Allegedly, Brouwer discovered his famous fixed point theorem while stirring a cup of coffee and noticing that there is always at least one point in the liquid that does not move. In this paper, based on a talk in honour of Brouwer at the…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2016-12-21 Raf Bocklandt

We show that a continuous map or a continuous flow on $\R^{n}$ with a certain recurrence relation must have a fixed point. Specifically, if there is a compact set W with the property that the forward orbit of every point in $\R^{n}$…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 David Richeson , Jim Wiseman

We prove the following generalisation of Schauder's fixed point conjecture: Let $C_1,...,C_n$ be convex subsets of a Hausdorff topological vector space. Suppose that the $C_i$ are closed in $C=C_1\cup...\cup C_n$. If $f:C\to C$ is a…

Algebraic Topology · Mathematics 2012-01-13 Robert Cauty

Let X and Y be compact, simply connected and locally connected subsets of R^2, and let f : X -> Y be a homeomorphism isotopic to the identity on X. Generalizing Brouwer's plane translation theorem for self-maps of the plane, we prove that f…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-05-06 Georg Ostrovski

We prove a fixed point theorem for closed-graphed, decomposable-valued correspondences whose domain and range is a decomposable set of functions from an atomless measure space to a topological space. One consequence is an improvement of the…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2013-06-20 Idione Meneghel , Rabee Tourky

More than a century ago, L. E. J. Brouwer proved a famous theorem, which says that any orientation preserving homeomorphism of the plane having a periodic point must have a fixed point. In recent years, there are still some authors giving…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-04-17 Jiehua Mai , Kesong Yan , Fanping Zeng

M Handel has proved in [Topology 38 (1999) 235--264] a fixed point theorem for an orientation preserving homeomorphism of the open unit disk, that may be extended to the closed disk and that satisfies a linking property of orbits. We give…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-03-03 Patrice Le Calvez

Michael Handel has proved in [Ha] a fixed point theorem for an orientation preserving homeomorphism of the open unit disk, that turned out to be an efficient tool in the study of the dynamics of surface homeomorphisms. The present article…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-05-14 Patrice Le Calvez

We show the direct applicability of the Brouwer fixed point theorem for the existence of equilibrium points and periodic solutions for differential systems on general domains satisfying geometric conditions at the boundary. We develop a…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2022-03-03 Guglielmo Feltrin , Fabio Zanolin

We consider Brouwer's fixed point theorem and Sperner's lemma in one dimension. We present a proof of the Brouwer theorem using the Sperner lemma, and vice versa. However, we also show that they are not equivalent, because the Sperner lemma…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-04 Junichi Minagawa

We show that if an orientation-preserving homeomorphism of the plane has a topologically chain recurrent point, then it has a fixed point, generalizing the Brouwer plane translation theorem.

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-08-16 Jim Wiseman

If $f:[a,b]\to \mathbb{R}$, with $a<b$, is continuous and such that $a$ and $b$ are mapped in opposite directions by $f$, then $f$ has a fixed point in $I$. Suppose that $f:\mathbb{C}\to\mathbb{C}$ is map and $X$ is a continuum. We extend…

General Topology · Mathematics 2016-01-25 Alexander Blokh , Lex Oversteegen