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Belief Propagation (BP) is an efficient message-passing algorithm widely used for inference in graphical models and for solving various problems in statistical physics. However, BP often yields inaccurate estimates of order parameters and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Seongmin Kim , Alec Kirkley

Belief propagation (BP) is a popular method for performing probabilistic inference on graphical models. In this work, we enhance BP and propose self-guided belief propagation (SBP) that incorporates the pairwise potentials only gradually.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-30 Christian Knoll , Adrian Weller , Franz Pernkopf

Belief propagation is a fundamental message-passing algorithm for probabilistic reasoning and inference in graphical models. While it is known to be exact on trees, in most applications belief propagation is run on graphs with cycles.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-27 Frederic Koehler

We consider the problem of maximum likelihood estimation in linear models represented by factor graphs and solved via the Gaussian belief propagation algorithm. Motivated by massive internet of things (IoT) networks and edge computing, we…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Mirsad Cosovic , Dragisa Miskovic , Muhamed Delalic , Darijo Raca , Dejan Vukobratovic

The canonical problem of solving a system of linear equations arises in numerous contexts in information theory, communication theory, and related fields. In this contribution, we develop a solution based upon Gaussian belief propagation…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-07-12 Danny Bickson

Bayesian inference offers a principled account of information processing in natural agents. However, it remains an open question how neural mechanisms perform their abstract operations. We investigate a hypothesis where a distributed form…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Sepideh Adamiat , Wouter M. Kouw , Bert de Vries

We define and study an inference algorithm based on "belief propagation" (BP) and the Bethe approximation. The idea is to encode into a graph an a priori information composed of correlations or marginal probabilities of variables, and to…

Physics and Society · Physics 2007-05-23 Cyril Furtlehner , Jean-Marc Lasgouttes , Arnaud De La Fortelle

Gaussian belief propagation (BP) has been widely used for distributed estimation in large-scale networks such as the smart grid, communication networks, and social networks, where local measurements/observations are scattered over a wide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-04-14 Jian Du , Shaodan Ma , Yik-Chung Wu , Soummya Kar , José M. F. Moura

In this paper we present a synthesis of the work performed on two inference algorithms: the Pearl's belief propagation (BP) algorithm applied to Bayesian networks without loops (i.e. polytree) and the Loopy belief propagation (LBP)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-06 Amen Ajroud , Mohamed Nazih Omri , Habib Youssef , Salem Benferhat

We present a novel distributed Gauss-Newton method for the non-linear state estimation (SE) model based on a probabilistic inference method called belief propagation (BP). The main novelty of our work comes from applying BP sequentially…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Mirsad Cosovic , Dejan Vukobratovic

Message-passing algorithms based on the Belief Propagation (BP) equations constitute a well-known distributed computational scheme. It is exact on tree-like graphical models and has also proven to be effective in many problems defined on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Carlo Lucibello , Fabrizio Pittorino , Gabriele Perugini , Riccardo Zecchina

Depth completion aims to predict a dense depth map from a color image with sparse depth measurements. Although deep learning methods have achieved state-of-the-art (SOTA), effectively handling the sparse and irregular nature of input depth…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jie Tang , Pingping Xie , Jian Li , Ping Tan

Gaussian belief propagation (BP) is a computationally efficient method to approximate the marginal distribution and has been widely used for inference with high dimensional data as well as distributed estimation in large-scale networks.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Jian Du , Soummya Kar , José M. F. Moura

We address the problem of uncertainty propagation in the discrete Fourier transform by modeling the fast Fourier transform as a factor graph. Building on this representation, we propose an efficient framework for approximate Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Luca Schmid , Charlotte Muth , Laurent Schmalen

Belief Propagation (BP) is a message-passing algorithm for approximate inference over Probabilistic Graphical Models (PGMs), finding many applications such as computer vision, error-correcting codes, and protein-folding. While general, the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-26 Mark Van der Merwe , Vinu Joseph , Ganesh Gopalakrishnan

The belief propagation (BP) algorithm is widely applied to perform approximate inference on arbitrary graphical models, in part due to its excellent empirical properties and performance. However, little is known theoretically about when…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-06-26 Alexander T. Ihler

Images are the standard input for most computer vision algorithms. However, their processing often reduces to parallelizable operations applied locally and independently to individual pixels. Yet, many of these low-level raw pixel readings…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ignacio Alzugaray , Riku Murai , Andrew Davison

In this paper we derive the equations for Loop Corrected Belief Propagation on a continuous variable Gaussian model. Using the exactness of the averages for belief propagation for Gaussian models, a different way of obtaining the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-06-01 Bastian Wemmenhove , Bert Kappen

Electric power systems require accurate, scalable, distributed, and near real-time state estimation (SE) to support reliable monitoring and control under increasingly complex operating conditions. Limited monitoring capabilities can lead to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Mirsad Cosovic , Armin Teskeredzic , Antonello Monti , Dejan Vukobratovic

Belief propagation is a widely used message passing method for the solution of probabilistic models on networks such as epidemic models, spin models, and Bayesian graphical models, but it suffers from the serious shortcoming that it works…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-04-27 Alec Kirkley , George T. Cantwell , M. E. J. Newman