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Theoretical descriptions of the stepping-stone model, a cornerstone of spatial population genetics, have long overlooked diffusive noise arising from migration dynamics. We derive an exact fluctuating hydrodynamic description of this model…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-05-30 Rashmiranjan Bhutia , Stephy Jose , Prasad Perlekar , Kabir Ramola

Despite their impressive performance on a wide variety of tasks, modern language models remain susceptible to distribution shifts, exhibiting brittle behavior when evaluated on data that differs in distribution from their training data. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Victoria Lin , Louis-Philippe Morency , Eli Ben-Michael

Multilinguality is crucial for extending recent advancements in language modelling to diverse linguistic communities. To maintain high performance while representing multiple languages, multilingual models ideally align representations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Anton Schäfer , Shauli Ravfogel , Thomas Hofmann , Tiago Pimentel , Imanol Schlag

Humans continuously adapt their style and language to a variety of domains. However, a reliable definition of `domain' has eluded researchers thus far. Additionally, the notion of discrete domains stands in contrast to the multiplicity of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-10-31 Sebastian Ruder , Parsa Ghaffari , John G. Breslin

Diffusion models have become the go-to method for text-to-image generation, producing high-quality images from pure noise. However, the inner workings of diffusion models is still largely a mystery due to their black-box nature and complex,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Berk Tinaz , Zalan Fabian , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

A systematic way of defining variants of a modeling language is useful for adopting the language to domain or project specific needs. Variants can be obtained by adopting the syntax or semantics of the language. In this paper, we take a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-09-24 Hans Grönninger , Bernhard Rumpe

Social discrimination seems to be a persistent phenomenon in many cultures. It is important to understand the mechanisms that lead people to judge others by the group to which they belong, rather than individual qualities. It was recently…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2019-12-11 Gorm Gruner Jensen , Frederik Tischel , Stefan Bornholdt

This position paper looks into the formation of language and shows ties between structural properties of the words in the English language and their polysemy. Using Ollivier-Ricci curvature over a large graph of synonyms to estimate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Ivan P. Yamshchikov , Cyrille Merleau Nono Saha , Igor Samenko , Jürgen Jost

We present an novel framework for efficiently and effectively extending the powerful continuous diffusion processes to discrete modeling. Previous approaches have suffered from the discrepancy between discrete data and continuous modeling.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yuxuan Gu , Xiaocheng Feng , Lei Huang , Yingsheng Wu , Zekun Zhou , Weihong Zhong , Kun Zhu , Bing Qin

Despite the success of diffusion models (DMs), we still lack a thorough understanding of their latent space. To understand the latent space $\mathbf{x}_t \in \mathcal{X}$, we analyze them from a geometrical perspective. Our approach…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Yong-Hyun Park , Mingi Kwon , Jaewoong Choi , Junghyo Jo , Youngjung Uh

The last decades have seen an unprecedented increase in the availability of data sets that are inherently global and temporally evolving, from remotely sensed networks to climate model ensembles. This paper provides a view of statistical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-06-29 Emilio Porcu , Alfredo Alegría , Reinhard Furrer

Traditional linguistic theories have largely regard language as a formal system composed of rigid rules. However, their failures in processing real language, the recent successes in statistical natural language processing, and the findings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Shuiyuan Yu , Chunshan Xu , Haitao Liu

The rate of adoption of new information depends on reinforcement from multiple sources in a way that often cannot be described by simple contagion processes. In such cases, contagion is said to be complex. Complex contagion happens in the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2019-06-21 Vítor V. Vasconcelos , Simon A. Levin , Flávio L. Pinheiro

Over the last million years, human language has emerged and evolved as a fundamental instrument of social communication and semiotic representation. People use language in part to convey emotional information, leading to the central and…

The socioeconomic background of people and how they use standard forms of language are not independent, as demonstrated in various sociolinguistic studies. However, the extent to which these correlations may be influenced by the mixing of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-07-11 Thomas Louf , José J. Ramasco , David Sánchez , Márton Karsai

Discrete diffusion models have recently become competitive with autoregressive models for language modeling, even outperforming them on reasoning tasks requiring planning and global coherence, but they require more computation at inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Andre He , Sean Welleck , Daniel Fried

Diffusion models have demonstrated impressive capabilities in synthesizing diverse content. However, despite their high-quality outputs, these models often perpetuate social biases, including those related to gender and race. These biases…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Yingdong Shi , Changming Li , Yifan Wang , Yongxiang Zhao , Anqi Pang , Sibei Yang , Jingyi Yu , Kan Ren

Short-term phonetic accommodation is a fundamental driver behind accent change, but how does real-time input from another speaker's voice shape the speech planning representations of an interlocutor? We advance a computational model of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Sam Kirkham , Patrycja Strycharczuk , Rob Davies , Danielle Welburn

In this work, we use language modeling to investigate the factors that influence insertional code-switching. Code-switching occurs when a speaker alternates between one language variety (the primary language) and another (the secondary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Debasmita Bhattacharya , Marten van Schijndel

This paper addresses the question of how population diffusion affects the formation of the spatial patterns in the spatial epidemic model by Turing mechanisms. In particular, we present theoretical analysis to results of the numerical…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2009-09-29 Quan-Xing Liu , Zhen Jin