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The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny fraction of all GW signals which reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit and go undetected. Like voices in a crowded room, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-02 Arianna I. Renzini , Boris Goncharov , Alexander C. Jenkins , Pat M. Meyers

We study gravitational-wave production from bubble dynamics (bubble collisions and sound waves) during a cosmic first-order phase transition with an analytic approach. We first propose modeling the system with the thin-wall approximation…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-09-14 Ryusuke Jinno , Masahiro Takimoto

We search for a first-order phase transition (PT) gravitational wave (GW) signal from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo's first three observing runs. Due to the large theoretical uncertainties, four GW energy spectral shapes from bubble and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-05 Yang Jiang , Qing-Guo Huang

The Cosmic Gravitational Wave Background (CGWB) is an irreducible background of gravitational waves generated by particle exchange in the early Universe plasma. Standard Model particles contribute to such a stochastic background with a peak…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-09-12 Francesco Muia , Fernando Quevedo , Andreas Schachner , Gonzalo Villa

We generalize to reduced Horndeski theories of gravity, where gravitational waves (GWs) travel at the speed of light, the expression of a statistically homogeneous and unpolarized stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) signal…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-12-01 João C. Lobato , Isabela S. Matos , Maurício O. Calvão , Ioav Waga

We examine which information on the early cosmological history can be extracted from the potential measurement by third-generation gravitational-wave observatories of a stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) produced by cosmic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-07-22 Yann Gouttenoire , Géraldine Servant , Peera Simakachorn

The astrophysical Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background (SGWB) originates from the mergers of compact binary objects that are otherwise undetected as individual events, along with other sources such as supernovae, magnetars, etc. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-11-01 Mohit Raj Sah , Suvodip Mukherjee

Many models of physics beyond the Standard Model predict a strong first-order phase transition (SFOPT) in the early Universe that leads to observable gravitational waves (GWs). In this paper, we propose a novel method for presenting and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-03-09 Tommi Alanne , Thomas Hugle , Moritz Platscher , Kai Schmitz

We study the propagation of cosmological gravitational wave (GW) backgrounds from the early radiation era until the present day in modified theories of gravity. Comparing to general relativity (GR), we study the effects that modified…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-21 Yutong He , Alberto Roper Pol , Axel Brandenburg

We investigate the stochastic gravitational waves background arising from the first-order QCD chiral phase transition, considering three distinct sources: bubble collisions, sound waves, and fluid turbulence. Within the framework of the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-12-04 Xu Han , Guoyun Shao

We explore the potential of gravitational waves (GWs) to probe the pre-BBN era of the early universe, focusing on the effects of energy injection. Specifically, we examine a hidden sector alongside the Standard Model that undergoes a strong…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-02-12 James B. Dent , Bhaskar Dutta , Mudit Rai

We investigate the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) generated by primordial black holes (PBHs) in the dense cores of dwarf galaxies (DGs), considering both hierarchical binary black hole (BBH) mergers and close hyperbolic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-02 Tadeo D. Gòmez-Aguilar , Encieh Erfani , N. M. Jimènez Cruz

We consider the stochastic background of gravity waves produced by first-order cosmological phase transitions from two types of sources: colliding bubbles and hydrodynamic turbulence. First we discuss the fluid mechanics of relativistic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-22 Marc Kamionkowski , Arthur Kosowsky , Michael S. Turner

The stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) is conventionally treated as a passive relic of its astrophysical and cosmological sources, with negligible back-reaction on the matter content of the Universe. Here we show that this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-10 Manjia Liang , Peng Xu , Ruijun Shi , Zhoujian Cao , Ziren Luo , Minghui Du , Qiong Deng , Bo Liang , Jiaxiang Liang

The astrophysical stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) originates from numerous faint sub-threshold gravitational wave (GW) signals arising from the coalescing binary compact objects. This background is expected to be discovered…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-05 Ramit Dey , Luís Felipe Longo Micchi , Suvodip Mukherjee , Niayesh Afshordi

The detection of a stochastic Gravitational Wave (GW) background sourced by a cosmological phase transition would allow us to see the early Universe from a completely new perspective, illuminating aspects of Beyond the Standard Model (BSM)…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-16 Maciej Kierkla , Giorgio Laverda , Marek Lewicki , Andreas Mantziris , Matteo Piani , Javier Rubio , Mateusz Zych

Gravitational wave (GW) astrophysics is entering a multi-band era with upcoming GW detectors, enabling detailed mapping of the stochastic GW background across vast frequencies. We highlight this potential via a new physics scenario: hybrid…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-26 Yunjia Bao , Tore Boybeyi , Vuk Mandic , Lian-Tao Wang

The stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) produced by merging neutron stars exhibits a peak in the kHz band. In this paper, we develop a theoretical framework to exploit this distinctive feature through a Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-04 Giulia Capurri , Andrea Lapi , Mario Spera , Carlo Baccigalupi

We study the generation of gravitational waves in the electroweak phase transition. We consider a few extensions of the Standard Model, namely, the addition of scalar singlets, the minimal supersymmetric extension, and the addition of TeV…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-10-19 Leonardo Leitao , Ariel Megevand , Alejandro D. Sanchez

Primordial black holes (PBHs) forming out of the collapse of enhanced cosmological perturbations provide access to the early Universe through their associated observational signatures. In particular, enhanced cosmological perturbations…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-06-21 Charalampos Tzerefos , Theodoros Papanikolaou , Emmanuel N. Saridakis , Spyros Basilakos