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As electric power systems evolve towards decarbonization, the transition to inverter-based resources (IBRs) presents challenges to grid stability, necessitating innovative control solutions. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) emerges as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Jingzhe Xu , Weihua Zhou , Behrooz Bahrani

Having sufficient grid-forming sources is one of the necessary conditions to guarantee the stability in a power system hosting a very large share of inverter-based generation. The grid-forming function has been historically fulfilled by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-08 Dorsan Lepour , Mario Paolone , Guillaume Denis , Carmen Cardozo , Thibault Prevost , Emeline Guiu

With the increasing impact of low inertia due to the high penetration of distributed generation, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology has been proposed to improve the stability of the inverter-interfaced distributed generator by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-17 Meiyi Li , Wentao Huang , Nengling Tai , Dongliang Duan

Grid-forming voltage source converter (GF-VSC) has been identified as the key technology for the operation of future converter-dominated power systems. Among many other issues, transient stability of this type of power systems remains an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-06-09 Régulo E. Ávila-Martínez , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio García-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist , Taoufik Qoria , Xavier Guillaud

Grid-forming (GFM) capability requirements are increasingly imposed on grid-connected voltage-source converters (VSCs). Under large grid disturbances, GFM-VSCs need to remain stable while providing GFM services. Yet, such objectives, as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-24 Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

Increasing the inertia is widely considered to be the solution to resolving unstable interactions between coupled oscillators. In power grids, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) are proposed to compensate the reducing inertia as rotating…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-31 Gurupraanesh Raman , Gururaghav Raman , Jimmy Chih-Hsien Peng

This paper investigates the transient synchronization stability in power systems hybridized with virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) and synchronous generators (SGs). A relative swing equation model is established to capture the transient…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Changjun He , Li Zhang , Qi Liu , Rui Zou

In this paper virtual synchronous generation (VSG) approach is investigated in application to low- and zero-inertia grids operated by grid-forming (GFM) inverters. The key idea here is to introduce dynamic inertia and damping constants in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-07 Oleg O. Khamisov , Stepan P. Vasilev

In autonomous microgrids frequency regulation (FR) is a critical issue, especially with a high level of penetration of the photovoltaic (PV) generation. In this study, a novel virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control for PV generation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-13 Cheng Zhong , Huayi Li , Yang Zhou , Yueming Lv , Jikai Chen , Yang Li

The Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM) concept stands as a strategy for the seamless integration of renewable energy sources into the grid. In scenarios where symmetrical and sinusoidal operating conditions are lacking, VSMs demonstrate…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-12 Shirin Besati , Ali Mosallanejad , Madhav Manjrekar

The displacement of synchronous generators by converter-interfaced renewable energy sources obliges wind farms to provide inertia, damping, and voltage support, above all in increasingly weak grid conditions. This paper presents a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Javier Garcia-Aguilar , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada , Juan L. Zamora , Emilio Bueno , Elena Saiz , Almudena Muñoz-Babiano , Mohammad E. Zarei

In this paper, a neural network predictive controller is proposed to regulate the active and the reactive power delivered to the grid generated by a three-phase virtual inertia-based inverter. The concept of the conventional virtual…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Sepehr Saadatmand , Mohammad Saleh Sanjarinia , Pourya Shamsi , Mehdi Ferdowsi , Donald C. Wunsch

The renewable energy is connected to the power grid through power electronic converters, which are lack of make the inertia of synchronous generator/machine (SM) be lost. The increasing penetration of renewable energy in power system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-15 Yuan Gao , Hai-Peng Ren , Jie Li

Renewables will soon dominate energy production in our electric power system. And yet, how to integrate renewable energy into the grid and the market is still a subject of major debate. Decentral Smart Grid Control (DSGC) was recently…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-10-31 Benjamin Schäfer , Carsten Grabow , Sabine Auer , Jürgen Kurths , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme

This paper proposes a novel control strategy in which Renewable Energy Sources (RES) considered in a new Dynamic Virtual Power Plant (DVPP) concept directly participate to Secondary Frequency Control (SFC). This allows full participation of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-03-22 M. Ebrahim Adabi , Bogdan Marinescu

This paper proposes a novel strategy for the current injection based control for distributed energy resources connected to weak grids through a voltage source converter experiencing faults. The current injection controller is no longer…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-08-13 Runfan Zhang , Branislav Hredzak

Stability of power grids with synchronous generators (SGs) and renewable generation interfaced with grid-forming converters (GFCs) under dc-side current limitation is studied. To that end, we first consider a simple 2-bus test system and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-03 Sayan Samanta , Nilanjan Ray Chaudhuri

This paper presents a novel strategy for the synchronization of grid-following Voltage Source Converters (VSCs) in power systems with low rotational inertia. The proposed synchronization unit is based on emulating the physical properties of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-30 Ognjen Stanojev , Uros Markovic , Petros Aristidou , Gabriela Hug

The integration of converter-interfaced generation introduces new transient stability challenges to modern power systems. Classical Lyapunov- and scalable passivity-based approaches typically rely on restrictive assumptions, and finding…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Yifei Wang , Han Wang , Kehao Zhuang , Keith Moffat , Florian Dörfler

Synchronous condensers (SCs) play important roles in integrating wind energy into relatively weak power grids. However, the design of SCs usually depends on specific application requirements and may not be adaptive enough to the…

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