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Related papers: Optimal Binary Classification Beyond Accuracy

200 papers

Class imbalance remains a major challenge in machine learning, especially in multi-class problems with long-tailed distributions. Existing methods, such as data resampling, cost-sensitive techniques, and logistic loss modifications, though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Corinna Cortes , Anqi Mao , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

There is a fundamental limitation in the prediction performance that a machine learning model can achieve due to the inevitable uncertainty of the prediction target. In classification problems, this can be characterized by the Bayes error,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Takashi Ishida , Ikko Yamane , Nontawat Charoenphakdee , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

We study the problem of learning classifiers that perform well across (known or unknown) groups of data. After observing that common worst-group-accuracy datasets suffer from substantial imbalances, we set out to compare state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-21 Badr Youbi Idrissi , Martin Arjovsky , Mohammad Pezeshki , David Lopez-Paz

Achieving the Bayes optimal binary classification rule subject to group fairness constraints is known to be reducible, in some cases, to learning a group-wise thresholding rule over the Bayes regressor. In this paper, we extend this result…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Ibrahim Alabdulmohsin

Classical clustering algorithms typically either lack an underlying probability framework to make them predictive or focus on parameter estimation rather than defining and minimizing a notion of error. Recent work addresses these issues by…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-11-21 Lori A. Dalton , Marco E. Benalcázar , Edward R. Dougherty

The vast majority of real world classification problems are imbalanced, meaning there are far fewer data from the class of interest (the positive class) than from other classes. We propose two machine learning algorithms to handle highly…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-06-10 Siong Thye Goh , Cynthia Rudin

We present a framework and analysis of consistent binary classification for complex and non-decomposable performance metrics such as the F-measure and the Jaccard measure. The proposed framework is general, as it applies to both batch and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-02-13 Bowei Yan , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Kai Zhong , Pradeep Ravikumar

Class imbalance significantly degrades classification performance, yet its effects are rarely analyzed from a unified theoretical perspective. We propose a principled framework based on three fundamental scales: the imbalance coefficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-08 Rose Yvette Bandolo Essomba , Ernest Fokoué

Complex performance measures, beyond the popular measure of accuracy, are increasingly being used in the context of binary classification. These complex performance measures are typically not even decomposable, that is, the loss evaluated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-06-05 Bowei Yan , Oluwasanmi Koyejo , Kai Zhong , Pradeep Ravikumar

For several years till date, the major issues in terms of solving for classification problems are the issues of Imbalanced data. Because majority of the machine learning algorithms by default assumes all data are balanced, the algorithms do…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-12 Richmond Addo Danquah

We derive an accounting identity for predictive models that links accuracy with common fairness criteria. The identity shows that for globally calibrated models, the weighted sums of miscalibration within groups and error imbalance across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Hadi Elzayn , Jacob Goldin

The assessment of binary classifier performance traditionally centers on discriminative ability using metrics, such as accuracy. However, these metrics often disregard the model's inherent uncertainty, especially when dealing with sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Agathe Fernandes Machado , Arthur Charpentier , Emmanuel Flachaire , Ewen Gallic , François Hu

We explore the role of group symmetries in binary classification tasks, presenting a novel framework that leverages the principles of Neyman-Pearson optimality. Contrary to the common intuition that larger symmetry groups lead to improved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Vishal S. Ngairangbam , Michael Spannowsky

In most machine learning applications, classification accuracy is not the primary metric of interest. Binary classifiers which face class imbalance are often evaluated by the $F_\beta$ score, area under the precision-recall curve, Precision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Alan Mackey , Xiyang Luo , Elad Eban

The purpose of this research report is to present the our learning curve and the exposure to the Machine Learning life cycle, with the use of a Kaggle binary classification data set and taking to explore various techniques from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Mohamed Hamama

In applications with significant class imbalance or asymmetric costs, metrics such as the $F_\beta$-measure, AM measure, Jaccard similarity coefficient, and weighted accuracy offer more suitable evaluation criteria than standard binary…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Anqi Mao , Mehryar Mohri , Yutao Zhong

Datasets are rarely a realistic approximation of the target population. Say, prevalence is misrepresented, image quality is above clinical standards, etc. This mismatch is known as sampling bias. Sampling biases are a major hindrance for…

The paper studies binary classification and aims at estimating the underlying regression function which is the conditional expectation of the class labels given the inputs. The regression function is the key component of the Bayes optimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-26 Balázs Csanád Csáji , Ambrus Tamás

In many real-world binary classification tasks (e.g. detection of certain objects from images), an available dataset is imbalanced, i.e., it has much less representatives of a one class (a minor class), than of another. Generally, accurate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-07-14 Evgeny Burnaev , Pavel Erofeev , Artem Papanov

The universal-set naive Bayes classifier (UNB)~\cite{Komiya:13}, defined using likelihood ratios (LRs), was proposed to address imbalanced classification problems. However, the LR estimator used in the UNB overestimates LRs for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Masato Kikuchi , Tadachika Ozono