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In recent years, deep learning has been connected with optimal control as a way to define a notion of a continuous underlying learning problem. In this view, neural networks can be interpreted as a discretization of a parametric Ordinary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-07-07 Joubine Aghili , Olga Mula

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) and differential equations (DEs) are two rapidly advancing areas of research that have shown remarkable synergy in recent years. GNNs have emerged as powerful tools for learning on graph-structured data, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Zewen Liu , Xiaoda Wang , Bohan Wang , Zijie Huang , Carl Yang , Wei Jin

We propose a data-driven framework for learning reduced-order moment dynamics from PDE-governed systems using Neural ODEs. In contrast to derivative-based methods like SINDy, which necessitate densely sampled data and are sensitive to…

Pattern Formation and Solitons · Physics 2025-06-06 Shaoxuan Chen , Su Yang , Panayotis G. Kevrekidis , Wei Zhu

Neural Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) are elegant reinterpretations of deep networks where continuous time can replace the discrete notion of depth, ODE solvers perform forward propagation, and the adjoint method enables efficient,…

In this paper, numerical methods using Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are presented with the aim to solve higher-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Indeed, this deep-learning technique is successfully applied for…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-07-17 Hubert Baty

We present DeepVekua, a hybrid architecture that unifies geometric deep learning with spectral analysis to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) in sparse data regimes. By learning a diffeomorphic coordinate transformation that maps…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Vladimer Khasia

Ordinary differential equations (ODEs) can provide mechanistic models of temporally local changes of processes, where parameters are often informed by external knowledge. While ODEs are popular in systems modeling, they are less established…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-10 Maren Hackenberg , Astrid Pechmann , Clemens Kreutz , Janbernd Kirschner , Harald Binder

Implicit models separate the definition of a layer from the description of its solution process. While implicit layers allow features such as depth to adapt to new scenarios and inputs automatically, this adaptivity makes its computational…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Avik Pal , Alan Edelman , Christopher Rackauckas

The vector field of a controlled differential equation (CDE) describes the relationship between a control path and the evolution of a solution path. Neural CDEs (NCDEs) treat time series data as observations from a control path,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Benjamin Walker , Andrew D. McLeod , Tiexin Qin , Yichuan Cheng , Haoliang Li , Terry Lyons

PDE-Constrained Optimization (PDECO) problems can be accelerated significantly by employing gradient-based methods with surrogate models like neural operators compared to traditional numerical solvers. However, this approach faces two key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Ze Cheng , Zhuoyu Li , Xiaoqiang Wang , Jianing Huang , Zhizhou Zhang , Zhongkai Hao , Hang Su

The article discusses the development of various methods and techniques for initializing and training neural networks with a single hidden layer, as well as training a separable physics-informed neural network consisting of neural networks…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Vasiliy A. Es'kin , Alexey O. Malkhanov , Mikhail E. Smorkalov

We introduce two block coordinate descent algorithms for solving optimization problems with ordinary differential equations (ODEs) as dynamical constraints. The algorithms do not need to implement direct or adjoint sensitivity analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Ion Matei , Maksym Zhenirovskyy , Johan de Kleer , John Maxwell

Residual neural networks can be viewed as the forward Euler discretization of an Ordinary Differential Equation (ODE) with a unit time step. This has recently motivated researchers to explore other discretization approaches and train ODE…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-02 Amir Gholami , Kurt Keutzer , George Biros

We aim to identify the generating, ordinary differential equation (ODE) from a set of trajectories of a partially observed system. Our approach does not need prescribed basis functions to learn the ODE model, but only a rich set of Neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-13 Niklas Heim , Václav Šmídl , Tomáš Pevný

This paper proposes the Nerual Energy Descent (NED) via neural network evolution equations for a wide class of deep learning problems. We show that deep learning can be reformulated as the evolution of network parameters in an evolution…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-02-22 Wenrui Hao , Chunmei Wang , Xingjian Xu , Haizhao Yang

Learning continuous-time dynamics on complex networks is crucial for understanding, predicting and controlling complex systems in science and engineering. However, this task is very challenging due to the combinatorial complexities in the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Chengxi Zang , Fei Wang

During the forward pass of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs), inputs gradually transformed from low-level features to high-level conceptual labels. While features at different layers could summarize the important factors of the inputs at varying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Haoliang Wang , Chen Zhao , Xujiang Zhao , Feng Chen

Differential equations are frequently used in engineering domains, such as modeling and control of industrial systems, where safety and performance guarantees are of paramount importance. Traditional physics-based modeling approaches…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-30 Aaron Tuor , Jan Drgona , Draguna Vrabie

Neural ODEs demonstrate strong performance in generative and time-series modelling. However, training them via the adjoint method is slow compared to discrete models due to the requirement of numerically solving ODEs. To speed neural ODEs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Alexander Norcliffe , Marc Peter Deisenroth

Providing fast and accurate solutions to partial differential equations is a problem of continuous interest to the fields of applied mathematics and physics. With the recent advances in machine learning, the adoption learning techniques in…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-04-16 S. Mohammad H. Hashemi , Demetri Psaltis