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Blockchain offers a decentralized, immutable, transparent system of records. It offers a peer-to-peer network of nodes with no centralised governing entity making it unhackable and therefore, more secure than the traditional paper-based or…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Harsh Jot Singh , Abdelhakim Senhaji Hafid

Threshold cryptography has gained momentum in the last decades as a mechanism to protect long term secret keys. Rather than having a single secret key, this allows to distribute the ability to perform a cryptographic operation such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Florian Le Mouël , Maxime Godon , Renaud Brien , Erwan Beurier , Nora Boulahia-Cuppens , Frédéric Cuppens

Delegation of cryptographic signing rights has found many application in the literature and the real world. However, despite very advanced functionalities and specific use cases, existing solutions share the natural limitation that the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Stephan Krenn , Thomas Lorünser

Decentralized communication is becoming an important use case within Web3. On Ethereum, users can repurpose the transaction input data field to embed natural-language messages, commonly known as Input Data Messages (IDMs). However, as IDMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Xihan Xiong , Zhipeng Wang , Qin Wang , William Knottenbelt

Blockchain programs (also known as smart contracts) manage valuable assets like cryptocurrencies and tokens, and implement protocols in domains like decentralized finance (DeFi) and supply-chain management. These types of applications…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Monika di Angelo , Thomas Durieux , João F. Ferreira , Gernot Salzer

Technological advancements have significantly transformed communication patterns, introducing a diverse array of online platforms, thereby prompting individuals to use multiple profiles for different domains and objectives. Enhancing the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Shahar Somin , Keeley Erhardt , Alex 'Sandy' Pentland

Modern blockchains support a variety of distributed applications beyond cryptocurrencies, including smart contracts -- which let users execute arbitrary code in a distributed and decentralized fashion. Regardless of their intended…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Orestis Alpos , Christian Cachin , Giorgia Azzurra Marson , Luca Zanolini

While Ethereum's discovery protocols (Discv4/ Discv5) incorporate robust cryptographic designs to protect user privacy, real-world deployment reveals critical vulnerabilities when users deviate from security guidelines. In this paper, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Chenyu Li , Xueping Liang , Xiaorui Gong , Xiu Zhang

Ethereum is one of the most popular blockchain systems that supports more than half a million transactions every day and fosters miscellaneous decentralized applications with its Turing-complete smart contract machine. Whereas it remains…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-01-16 Qianlan Bai , Chao Zhang , Yuedong Xu , Xiaowei Chen , Xin Wang

A trusted electronic election system requires that all the involved information must go public, that is, it focuses not only on transparency but also privacy issues. In other words, each ballot should be counted anonymously, correctly, and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-04-19 Wei-Jr Lai Ja-Ling Wu

An unsolved challenge in distributed or federated learning is to effectively mitigate privacy risks without slowing down training or reducing accuracy. In this paper, we propose TextHide aiming at addressing this challenge for natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Yangsibo Huang , Zhao Song , Danqi Chen , Kai Li , Sanjeev Arora

While Ethereum smart contracts enabled a wide range of blockchain applications, they are extremely vulnerable to different forms of security attacks. Due to the fact that transactions to smart contracts commonly involve cryptocurrency…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Jianbo Gao , Han Liu , Chao Liu , Qingshan Li , Zhi Guan , Zhong Chen

Smart contracts on Ethereum handle millions of U.S. Dollars and other financial assets. In the past, attackers have exploited smart contracts to steal these assets. The Ethereum community has developed plenty of tools to detect vulnerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Chavhan Sujeet Yashavant , Saurabh Kumar , Amey Karkare

Digital identity verification often forces a privacy trade-off, where users must disclose sensitive personal data to prove simple eligibility criteria. As blockchain applications integrate with regulated environments, this over-disclosure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Supriya Khadka , Dhiman Goswami , Sanchari Das

Blockchains and smart contracts are an emerging, promising technology, that has received considerable attention. We use the blockchain technology, and in particular Ethereum, to implement a large-scale event-based Internet of Things (IoT)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Nikos Fotiou , Iakovos Pittaras , Vasilios A. Siris , Spyros Voulgaris , George C. Polyzos

Smart contracts are self-executing programs that run on blockchains (e.g., Ethereum). 680 million US dollars worth of digital assets controlled by smart contracts have been hacked or stolen due to various security vulnerabilities in 2021.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tanusree Sharma , Zhixuan Zhou , Andrew Miller , Yang Wang

The Blockchain and the programs running on it, called Smart Contracts, are more and more applied in all fields requiring trust and strong certifications. In this work we compare public and permissioned blockchains for industrial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Lodovica Marchesi , Michele Marchesi , Roberto Tonelli

A smart contract on a blockchain cannot keep a secret because its data is replicated on all nodes in a network. To remedy this problem, it has been suggested to combine blockchains with trusted execution environments (TEEs), such as Intel…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-05-23 Marcus Brandenburger , Christian Cachin , Rüdiger Kapitza , Alessandro Sorniotti

Ethereum Smart contracts use blockchain to transfer values among peers on networks without central agency. These programs are deployed on decentralized applications running on top of the blockchain consensus protocol to enable people to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-10 Noama Fatima Samreen , Manar H. Alalfi

Ethereum smart contracts are executable programs, deployed on a peer-to-peer network and executed in a consensus-based fashion. Their bytecode is public, immutable and once deployed to the blockchain, cannot be patched anymore. As smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-10 Konrad Weiss , Julian Schütte