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Large language models (LLMs) often struggle to perform multi-target reasoning in long-context scenarios where relevant information is scattered across extensive documents. To address this challenge, we introduce NeuroSymbolic Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Sina Bagheri Nezhad , Ameeta Agrawal

In recent years, neuro-symbolic methods have become a popular and powerful approach that augments artificial intelligence systems with the capability to perform abstract, logical, and quantitative deductions with enhanced precision and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yuxuan Wu , Hideki Nakayama

Large language models (LLMs) continue to face challenges in reliably solving reasoning tasks, particularly those that require precise rule following, as often found in mathematical reasoning. This paper introduces a novel neurosymbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Varun Dhanraj , Chris Eliasmith

Financial regulations are increasingly complex, hindering automated compliance-especially the maintenance of logical consistency with minimal human oversight. We introduce a Neuro-Symbolic Compliance Framework that integrates Large Language…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yung-Shen Hsia , Fang Yu , Jie-Hong Roland Jiang

Neural models and symbolic algorithms have recently been combined for tasks requiring both perception and reasoning. Neural models ground perceptual input into a conceptual vocabulary, on which a classical reasoning algorithm is applied to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ananye Agarwal , Pradeep Shenoy , Mausam

Neural-symbolic methods have demonstrated efficiency in enhancing the reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, existing methods mainly rely on syntactically mapping natural languages to complete formal languages like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Yiming Wang , Zhuosheng Zhang , Pei Zhang , Baosong Yang , Rui Wang

What types of numeric representations emerge in neural systems, and what would a satisfying answer to this question look like? In this work, we interpret Neural Network (NN) solutions to sequence based number tasks using a variety of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Satchel Grant , Noah D. Goodman , James L. McClelland

A key objective in the field of artificial intelligence is to develop cognitive models that can exhibit human-like intellectual capabilities. One promising approach to achieving this is through neural-symbolic systems, which combine the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Dongran Yu , Xueyan Liu , Shirui Pan , Anchen Li , Bo Yang

The Symbolic Regression (SR) problem, where the goal is to find a regression function that does not have a pre-specified form but is any function that can be composed of a list of operators, is a hard problem in machine learning, both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-15 Vernon Austel , Cristina Cornelio , Sanjeeb Dash , Joao Goncalves , Lior Horesh , Tyler Josephson , Nimrod Megiddo

While neural symbolic methods demonstrate impressive performance in visual question answering on synthetic images, their performance suffers on real images. We identify that the long-tail distribution of visual concepts and unequal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-04 Zhuowan Li , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Yixiao Zhang , Cihang Xie , Quan Tran , Benjamin Van Durme , Alan Yuille

Analytical solutions to differential equations offer exact, interpretable insight but are rarely available because discovering them requires expert intuition or exhaustive search of combinatorial spaces. We introduce SIGS, a neuro-symbolic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Orestis Oikonomou , Levi Lingsch , Dana Grund , Siddhartha Mishra , Georgios Kissas

Extending the success of deep neural networks to natural language understanding and symbolic reasoning requires complex operations and external memory. Recent neural program induction approaches have attempted to address this problem, but…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-06 Chen Liang , Jonathan Berant , Quoc Le , Kenneth D. Forbus , Ni Lao

Large language models (LLMs) can prove mathematical theorems formally by generating proof steps (\textit{a.k.a.} tactics) within a proof system. However, the space of possible tactics is vast and complex, while the available training data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Zenan Li , Zhaoyu Li , Wen Tang , Xian Zhang , Yuan Yao , Xujie Si , Fan Yang , Kaiyu Yang , Xiaoxing Ma

The ability to think abstractly and reason by analogy is a prerequisite to rapidly adapt to new conditions, tackle newly encountered problems by decomposing them, and synthesize knowledge to solve problems comprehensively. We present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Jakub Bednarek , Krzysztof Krawiec

Neurosymbolic (NeSy) frameworks combine neural representations and learning with symbolic representations and reasoning. Combining the reasoning capacities, explainability, and interpretability of symbolic processing with the flexibility…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Sania Sinha , Tanawan Premsri , Danial Kamali , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Solving constraints involving inductive (aka recursive) definitions is challenging. State-of-the-art SMT/CHC solvers and first-order logic provers provide only limited support for solving such constraints, especially when they involve,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Weizhi Feng , Shidong Shen , Jiaxiang Liu , Taolue Chen , Fu Song , Zhilin Wu

We describe a neural-based method for generating exact or approximate solutions to differential equations in the form of mathematical expressions. Unlike other neural methods, our system returns symbolic expressions that can be interpreted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Maysum Panju , Kourosh Parand , Ali Ghodsi

Given a natural language instruction and an input scene, our goal is to train a model to output a manipulation program that can be executed by the robot. Prior approaches for this task possess one of the following limitations: (i) rely on…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive progress in complex reasoning tasks, largely driven by the Chain-of-Thought (CoT) paradigm, which decomposes difficult problems into intermediate steps. However, CoT reasoning…

Symbolic Computation · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Rui Wang , Zeming Wei , Yihao Zhang , Xiaokun Luan

We present a highly scalable strategy for developing mesh-free neuro-symbolic partial differential equation solvers from existing numerical discretizations found in scientific computing. This strategy is unique in that it can be used to…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-10-28 Pouria Mistani , Samira Pakravan , Rajesh Ilango , Sanjay Choudhry , Frederic Gibou