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We propose a novel approach to compute the MAXCUT in attributed graphs, i.e., graphs with features associated with nodes and edges. Our approach works well on any kind of graph topology and can find solutions that jointly optimize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Carlo Abate , Filippo Maria Bianchi

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved strong performance across a range of graph representation learning tasks, yet their adversarial robustness in graph classification remains underexplored compared to node classification. While most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Sofiane Ennadir , Oleg Smirnov , Yassine Abbahaddou , Lele Cao , Johannes F. Lutzeyer

This work generalizes graph neural networks (GNNs) beyond those based on the Weisfeiler-Lehman (WL) algorithm, graph Laplacians, and diffusions. Our approach, denoted Relational Pooling (RP), draws from the theory of finite partial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-16 Ryan L. Murphy , Balasubramaniam Srinivasan , Vinayak Rao , Bruno Ribeiro

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been used effectively in different applications involving the processing of signals on irregular structures modeled by graphs. Relying on the use of shift-invariant graph filters, GNNs extend the operation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-05 Alejandro Parada-Mayorga , Luana Ruiz , Alejandro Ribeiro

This paper introduces SpaPool, a novel pooling method that combines the strengths of both dense and sparse techniques for a graph neural network. SpaPool groups vertices into an adaptive number of clusters, leveraging the benefits of both…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-15 Rodrigue Govan , Romane Scherrer , Philippe Fournier-Viger , Nazha Selmaoui-Folcher

Graph pooling has been increasingly recognized as crucial for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to facilitate hierarchical graph representation learning. Existing graph pooling methods commonly consist of two stages: selecting top-ranked nodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Chuang Liu , Wenhang Yu , Kuang Gao , Xueqi Ma , Yibing Zhan , Jia Wu , Bo Du , Wenbin Hu

We introduce BN-Pool, the first clustering-based pooling method for Graph Neural Networks that adaptively determines the number of supernodes in a coarsened graph. BN-Pool leverages a generative model based on a Bayesian nonparametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Daniele Castellana , Filippo Maria Bianchi

A variety of graph neural networks (GNNs) frameworks for representation learning on graphs have been recently developed. These frameworks rely on aggregation and iteration scheme to learn the representation of nodes. However, information…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-25 Xinhan Di , Pengqian Yu , Rui Bu , Mingchao Sun

Graph neural networks, which generalize deep neural network models to graph structured data, have attracted increasing attention in recent years. They usually learn node representations by transforming, propagating and aggregating node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-21 Yao Ma , Suhang Wang , Charu C. Aggarwal , Jiliang Tang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are powerful tools for graph classification. One important operation for GNNs is the downsampling or pooling that can learn effective embeddings from the node representations. In this paper, we propose a new…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Zhehan Zhao , Lu Bai , Lixin Cui , Ming Li , Yue Wang , Lixiang Xu , Edwin R. Hancock

Graph neural network (GNN)-based graph learning has been popular in natural language and programming language processing, particularly in text and source code classification. Typically, GNNs are constructed by incorporating alternating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Zeming Dong , Qiang Hu , Zhenya Zhang , Yuejun Guo , Maxime Cordy , Mike Papadakis , Yves Le Traon , Jianjun Zhao

Convolutional layers in graph neural networks are a fundamental type of layer which output a representation or embedding of each graph vertex. The representation typically encodes information about the vertex in question and its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Padraig Corcoran

Finding maximum-weight independent sets in graphs is an important NP-hard optimization problem. Given a vertex-weighted graph $G$, the task is to find a subset of pairwise non-adjacent vertices of $G$ with maximum weight. Most recently…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Jannick Borowitz , Ernestine Großmann , Mattthias Schimek

We investigate the use of message-passing algorithms for the problem of finding the max-weight independent set (MWIS) in a graph. First, we study the performance of the classical loopy max-product belief propagation. We show that each fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Sujay Sanghavi , Devavrat Shah , Alan Willsky

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have led to major breakthroughs in a variety of domains such as drug discovery, social network analysis, and travel time estimation. However, they lack interpretability which hinders human trust and thereby…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Jonas Jürß , Lucie Charlotte Magister , Pietro Barbiero , Pietro Liò , Nikola Simidjievski

We consider the problem of representation learning for graph data. Convolutional neural networks can naturally operate on images, but have significant challenges in dealing with graph data. Given images are special cases of graphs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Hongyang Gao , Shuiwang Ji

Graph neural networks have emerged as a leading architecture for many graph-level tasks, such as graph classification and graph generation. As an essential component of the architecture, graph pooling is indispensable for obtaining a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-23 Chuang Liu , Yibing Zhan , Jia Wu , Chang Li , Bo Du , Wenbin Hu , Tongliang Liu , Dacheng Tao

Graph-structured data naturally occurs in many research fields, such as chemistry and sociology. The relational information contained therein can be leveraged to statistically model graph properties through geometrical deep learning. Graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-19 T. Snelleman , B. M. Renting , H. H. Hoos , J. N. van Rijn

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely used to learn vector representation of graph-structured data and achieved better task performance than conventional methods. The foundation of GNNs is the message passing procedure, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-31 Takeshi D. Itoh , Takatomi Kubo , Kazushi Ikeda

Recently, graph neural networks (GNNs) have revolutionized the field of graph representation learning through effectively learned node embeddings, and achieved state-of-the-art results in tasks such as node classification and link…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Rex Ying , Jiaxuan You , Christopher Morris , Xiang Ren , William L. Hamilton , Jure Leskovec