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Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is the standard specification language for reactive systems and is successfully applied in industrial settings. However, many shortcomings of LTL have been identified in the literature, among them the limited…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Daniel Neider , Alexander Weinert , Martin Zimmermann

Automating the translation of natural language (NL) software requirements into formal specifications remains a critical challenge in scaling formal verification practices to industrial settings, particularly in safety-critical domains.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Zhi Ma , Cheng Wen , Zhexin Su , Xiao Liang , Cong Tian , Shengchao Qin , Mengfei Yang

While reachability analysis is one of the most promising approaches for formal verification of dynamic systems, a major disadvantage preventing a more widespread application is the requirement to manually tune algorithm parameters such as…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Niklas Kochdumper , Stanley Bak

Ensuring that agents satisfy safety specifications can be crucial in safety-critical environments. While methods exist for controller synthesis with safe temporal specifications, most existing methods restrict safe temporal specifications…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Gaspard Ohlmann , Edwin Hamel-De le Court , Francesco Belardinelli

Program synthesis is the generation of a program from a specification. Correct synthesis is difficult, and methods that provide formal guarantees suffer from scalability issues. On the other hand, neural networks are able to generate…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-01-28 Elizabeth Polgreen , Ralph Abboud , Daniel Kroening

We present \synver{}, a novel synthesis and verification framework for C programs, that deploys a Large Language Model (LLM) to search for a candidate program that satisfies the given specification. Our key idea is to impose syntactic and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Prasita Mukherjee , Benjamin Delaware

Writing formal specifications for distributed systems is difficult. Even simple consistency requirements often turn out to be unrealizable because of the complicated information flow in the distributed system: not all information is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Bernd Finkbeiner , Leander Tentrup

We propose a new specification language and control synthesis technique for single and multi-robot high-level tasks; these tasks include timing constraints and reaction to environmental events. Specifically, we define Event-based Signal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-04-01 David Gundana , Hadas Kress-Gazit

Synthesis is the automatic construction of a system from its specification. In classical synthesis algorithms, it is always assumed that the system is "constructed from scratch" rather than composed from reusable components. This, of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Sumit Nain , Yoad Lustig , Moshe Y Vardi

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely adopted for synthetic data generation, significantly reducing annotation costs. However, most existing studies treat synthesis as a set of isolated tasks and overlook a more fundamental…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Zhenlin Hu , Yan Wang , Zhen Bi , Zihao Xue , Bingyu Zhu , Longtao Huang , Xiongtao Zhang , Zeyu Yang , Zhixuan Chu , Jungang Lou

In this paper we present a satisfiability-preserving reduction from MITL interpreted over finitely-variable continuous behaviors to Constraint LTL over clocks, a variant of CLTL that is decidable, and for which an SMT-based bounded…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-07-18 Marcello Maria Bersani , Matteo Rossi , Pierluigi San Pietro

Pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) are beginning to dominate the discourse around automatic code generation with natural language specifications. In contrast, the best-performing synthesizers in the domain of formal synthesis with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yixuan Li , Julian Parsert , Elizabeth Polgreen

Formal control of cyber-physical systems allows for synthesis of control strategies from rich specifications such as temporal logics. However, the classes of systems that the formal approaches can be applied to is limited due to the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-09-04 Irmak Saglam , Ebru Aydin Gol

We present a deep learning approach for repairing sequential circuits against formal specifications given in linear-time temporal logic (LTL). Given a defective circuit and its formal specification, we train Transformer models to output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-03 Matthias Cosler , Frederik Schmitt , Christopher Hahn , Bernd Finkbeiner

This article surveys the System Level Synthesis framework, which presents a novel perspective on constrained robust and optimal controller synthesis for linear systems. We show how SLS shifts the controller synthesis task from the design of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-04-04 James Anderson , John C. Doyle , Steven Low , Nikolai Matni

We present a tractable method for synthesizing arbitrarily large concurrent programs, for a shared memory model with common hardware-available primitives such as atomic registers, compare-and-swap, load-linked/store conditional, etc. The…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2008-01-14 Paul C. Attie

In the classical synthesis problem, we are given an LTL formula \psi over sets of input and output signals, and we synthesize a system T that realizes \psi: with every input sequences x, the system associates an output sequence T(x) such…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Shaull Almagor , Orna Kupferman

Smart contracts are small but highly error-prone programs that implement agreements between multiple parties. We present a reactive synthesis approach for the automatic construction of smart contract state machines. Towards this end, we…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Bernd Finkbeiner , Jana Hofmann , Florian Kohn , Noemi Passing

In the past years, machine learning (ML) has become a popular approach to support self-adaptation. While ML techniques enable dealing with several problems in self-adaptation, such as scalable decision-making, they are also subject to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Omid Gheibi , Danny Weyns