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We study $k$-clustering problems with lower bounds, including $k$-median and $k$-means clustering with lower bounds. In addition to the point set $P$ and the number of centers $k$, a $k$-clustering problem with (uniform) lower bounds gets a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-08-18 Anna Arutyunova , Melanie Schmidt

The fairness of clustering algorithms has gained widespread attention across various areas, including machine learning, In this paper, we study fair $k$-means clustering in Euclidean space. Given a dataset comprising several groups, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Shihong Song , Guanlin Mo , Qingyuan Yang , Hu Ding

We present a simple analysis of k-means|| (Bahmani et al., PVLDB 2012) -- a distributed variant of the k-means++ algorithm (Arthur and Vassilvitskii, SODA 2007). Moreover, the bound on the number of rounds is improved from $O(\log n)$ to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Václav Rozhoň

We consider the following problem: given an unsorted array of $n$ elements, and a sequence of intervals in the array, compute the median in each of the subarrays defined by the intervals. We describe a simple algorithm which uses O(n) space…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-01-14 Beat Gfeller , Peter Sanders

One of the most popular clustering algorithms is the celebrated $D^\alpha$ seeding algorithm (also know as $k$-means++ when $\alpha=2$) by Arthur and Vassilvitskii (2007), who showed that it guarantees in expectation an $O(2^{2\alpha}\cdot…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Etienne Bamas , Sai Ganesh Nagarajan , Ola Svensson

K-means (MacQueen, 1967) [1] is one of the simplest unsupervised learning algorithms that solve the well-known clustering problem. The procedure follows a simple and easy way to classify a given data set to a predefined, say K number of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Srikanta Kolay , Kumar Sankar Ray , Abhoy Chand Mondal

In addition to finding meaningful clusters, centroid-based clustering algorithms such as K-means or mean-shift should ideally find centroids that are valid patterns in the input space, representative of data in their cluster. This is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Weiran Wang , Miguel Á. Carreira-Perpiñán

The k-means++ seeding algorithm is one of the most popular algorithms that is used for finding the initial $k$ centers when using the k-means heuristic. The algorithm is a simple sampling procedure and can be described as follows: Pick the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-01-15 Anup Bhattacharya , Ragesh Jaiswal , Nir Ailon

Despite the popularity of explainable AI, there is limited work on effective methods for unsupervised learning. We study algorithms for $k$-means clustering, focusing on a trade-off between explainability and accuracy. Following prior work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Nave Frost , Michal Moshkovitz , Cyrus Rashtchian

The K-means algorithm is one of the most widely studied clustering algorithms in machine learning. While extensive research has focused on its ability to achieve a globally optimal solution, there still lacks a rigorous analysis of its…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Mingyi Li , Michael R. Metel , Akiko Takeda

Clustering is a hard discrete optimization problem. Nonconvex approaches such as low-rank semidefinite programming (SDP) have recently demonstrated promising statistical and local algorithmic guarantees for cluster recovery. Due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Peng Xu , Chun-Ying Hou , Xiaohui Chen , Richard Y. Zhang

Mining clusters from data is an important endeavor in many applications. The $k$-means method is a popular, efficient, and distribution-free approach for clustering numerical-valued data, but does not apply for categorical-valued…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-24 Karin S. Dorman , Ranjan Maitra

The $k$-means problem is a classic objective for modeling clustering in a metric space. Given a set of points in a metric space, the goal is to find $k$ representative points so as to minimize the sum of the squared distances from each…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Karthik C. S. , David Saulpic , Chris Schwiegelshohn

Given a set of points, clustering consists of finding a partition of a point set into $k$ clusters such that the center to which a point is assigned is as close as possible. Most commonly, centers are points themselves, which leads to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Maria Sofia Bucarelli , Matilde Fjeldsø Larsen , Chris Schwiegelshohn , Mads Bech Toftrup

We give a polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the (not necessarily metric) $k$-Median problem. The algorithm is an $\alpha$-size-approximation algorithm for $\alpha < 1 + 2 \ln(n/k)$. That is, it guarantees a solution having size at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Neal E. Young

We consider the classical $k$-means clustering problem in the setting bi-criteria approximation, in which an algoithm is allowed to output $\beta k > k$ clusters, and must produce a clustering with cost at most $\alpha$ times the to the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-04 Konstantin Makarychev , Yury Makarychev , Maxim Sviridenko , Justin Ward

Bateni et al. has recently introduced the weak-strong distance oracle model to study clustering problems in settings with limited distance information. Given query access to the strong-oracle and weak-oracle in the weak-strong oracle model,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Pinki Pradhan , Anup Bhattacharya , Ragesh Jaiswal

We analyze online and mini-batch k-means variants. Both scale up the widely used Lloyd 's algorithm via stochastic approximation, and have become popular for large-scale clustering and unsupervised feature learning. We show, for the first…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-08 Cheng Tang , Claire Monteleoni

We study the complexity of the classic capacitated k-median and k-means problems parameterized by the number of centers, k. These problems are notoriously difficult since the best known approximation bound for high dimensional Euclidean…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Vincent Cohen-Addad , Jason Li

Clustering is an important technique for identifying structural information in large-scale data analysis, where the underlying dataset may be too large to store. In many applications, recent data can provide more accurate information and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-02 David P. Woodruff , Peilin Zhong , Samson Zhou