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In this paper we consider the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) problem: given an (elementwise) nonnegative matrix $V \in \R_+^{m\times n}$ find, for assigned $k$, nonnegative matrices $W\in\R_+^{m\times k}$ and $H\in\R_+^{k\times n}$…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-07-08 Lorenzo Finesso , Peter Spreij

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a common method for generating topic models from text data. NMF is widely accepted for producing good results despite its relative simplicity of implementation and ease of computation. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Brendan Gavin , Vijay Gadepally , Jeremy Kepner

In this work we perform some mathematical analysis on non-negative matrix factorizations (NMF) and apply NMF to some imaging and inverse problems. We will propose a sparse low-rank approximation of big positive data and images in terms of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-04-24 Yat Tin Chow , Kazufumi Ito , Jun Zou

Dimensionality Reduction plays a pivotal role in improving feature learning accuracy and reducing training time by eliminating redundant features, noise, and irrelevant data. Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) has emerged as a popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Farid Saberi-Movahed , Kamal Berahman , Razieh Sheikhpour , Yuefeng Li , Shirui Pan

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a widely used technique in many applications such as face recognition, motion segmentation, etc. It approximates the nonnegative data in an original high dimensional space with a linear…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-04-12 Bin Shen , Luo Si , Rongrong Ji , Baodi Liu

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a fundamental matrix decomposition technique that is used primarily for dimensionality reduction and is increasing in popularity in the biological domain. Although finding a unique NMF is generally…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-08-23 Rami Nasser , Yonina C. Eldar , Roded Sharan

By combining related objects, unsupervised machine learning techniques aim to reveal the underlying patterns in a data set. Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a data mining technique that splits data matrices by imposing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Yasser Khalafaoui , Nistor Grozavu , Basarab Matei , Laurent-Walter Goix

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a widely used technique for data representation. Inspired by the expressive power of deep learning, several NMF variants equipped with deep architectures have been proposed. However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-21 Yuning Qiu , Guoxu Zhou , Kan Xie

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a powerful class of feature extraction techniques that has been successfully applied in many fields, namely in signal and image processing. Current NMF techniques have been limited to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-26 Paul Honeine , Fei Zhu

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is the problem of decomposing a given nonnegative $n \times m$ matrix $M$ into a product of a nonnegative $n \times d$ matrix $W$ and a nonnegative $d \times m$ matrix $H$. A longstanding open…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Dmitry Chistikov , Stefan Kiefer , Ines Marušić , Mahsa Shirmohammadi , James Worrell

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), first proposed in 1994 for data analysis, has received successively much attention in a great variety of contexts such as data mining, text clustering, computer vision, bioinformatics, etc. In this…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2019-03-05 Paola Favati , Grazia Lotti , Ornella Menchi , Francesco Romani

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a popular machine learning approach to many problems in text mining, speech and image processing, bio-informatics and seismic data analysis to name a few. In NMF, a matrix of non-negative…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2013-03-19 Hugo Van hamme

Nonnegative Matrix Factorization consists in (approximately) factorizing a nonnegative data matrix by the product of two low-rank nonnegative matrices. It has been successfully applied as a data analysis technique in numerous domains, e.g.,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2012-08-13 Nicolas Gillis , François Glineur

Collaborative filtering generates recommendations by exploiting user-item similarities based on rating data, which often contains numerous unrated items. To predict scores for unrated items, matrix factorization techniques such as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-30 Yukino Terui , Yuka Inoue , Yohei Hamakawa , Kosuke Tatsumura , Kazue Kudo

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) was popularized as a tool for data mining by Lee and Seung in 1999. NMF attempts to approximate a matrix with nonnegative entries by a product of two low-rank matrices, also with nonnegative entries.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2008-05-02 Michael Biggs , Ali Ghodsi , Stephen Vavasis

In this paper we consider the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) problem: given an (elementwise) nonnegative matrix $V \in \R_+^{m\times n}$ find, for assigned $k$, nonnegative matrices $W\in\R_+^{m\times k}$ and $H\in\R_+^{k\times n}$…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Lorenzo Finesso , Peter Spreij

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular data embedding technique. Given a nonnegative data matrix $X$, it aims at finding two lower dimensional matrices, $W$ and $H$, such that $X\approx WH$, where the factors $W$ and $H$ are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Olivier Vu Thanh , Nicolas Gillis

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is the problem of determining two non-negative low rank factors $W$ and $H$, for the given input matrix $A$, such that $A \approx W H$. NMF is a useful tool for many applications in different domains…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2015-10-01 Ramakrishnan Kannan , Grey Ballard , Haesun Park

Given a symmetric nonnegative matrix $A$, symmetric nonnegative matrix factorization (symNMF) is the problem of finding a nonnegative matrix $H$, usually with much fewer columns than $A$, such that $A \approx HH^T$. SymNMF can be used for…

Numerical Analysis · Computer Science 2016-10-07 Arnaud Vandaele , Nicolas Gillis , Qi Lei , Kai Zhong , Inderjit Dhillon

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a powerful technique for analyzing regularly-sampled data, i.e., data that can be stored in a matrix. For audio, this has led to numerous applications using time-frequency (TF) representations like…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-10 Krishna Subramani , Paris Smaragdis , Takuya Higuchi , Mehrez Souden