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The organization of live cells to tissues is associated with the mechanical interaction between cells, which is mediated through their elastic environment. We model cells as spherical active force dipoles surrounded by an infinite elastic…

Biological Physics · Physics 2017-06-08 Roman Golkov , Yair Shokef

The polarisation of cells and tissues is fundamental for tissue morphogenesis during biological development and regeneration. A deeper understanding of biological polarity pattern formation can be gained from the consideration of pattern…

Cell Behavior · Quantitative Biology 2017-10-23 Karl B. Hoffmann , Anja Voss-Böhme , Jochen C. Rink , Lutz Brusch

Living things enact control of non-equilibrium, dynamical structures through complex biochemical networks, accomplishing spatiotemporally-orchestrated physiological tasks such as cell division, motility, and embryogenesis. While the exact…

We study the vertex model for epithelial tissue mechanics extended to include coupling between the cell shapes and tensions in cell-cell junctions. This coupling represents an active force which drives the system out of equilibrium and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2022-12-22 Jan Rozman , Rastko Sknepnek , Julia M. Yeomans

Dynamics is central to living systems. In the last two decades, experiments have revealed that the dynamics in diverse biological systems - from intracellular cytoplasm to cellular and organismal aggregates - are remarkably similar to that…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-03-12 Souvik Sadhukhan , Subhodeep Dey , Smarajit Karmakar , Saroj Kumar Nandi

There is now growing evidence of the emergence and biological functionality of liquid crystal features, including nematic order and topological defects, in cellular tissues. However, how such features that intrinsically rely on particle…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-02-06 Romain Mueller , Julia Yeomans , Amin Doostmohammadi

To maintain homeostasis, living cells process information with networks of interacting molecules. Traditional models for cellular information processing have focused on networks of chemical reactions between molecules. Here, we describe how…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-08-01 Arvind Murugan , David Zwicker , Charlotta Lorenz , Eric R. Dufresne

Cell migration is important in many biological processes, including embryonic development, cancer metastasis, and wound healing. In these tissues, a cell's motion is often strongly constrained by its neighbors, leading to glassy dynamics.…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-01-20 Dapeng Bi , J. H. Lopez , J. M. Schwarz , M. Lisa Manning

The organization of live cells into tissues and their subsequent biological function involves inter-cell mechanical interactions, which are mediated by their elastic environment. To model this interaction, we consider cells as spherical…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-02-20 Roman Golkov , Yair Shokef

Recent work on particle-based models of tissues has suggested that any finite rate of cell division and cell death is sufficient to fluidize an epithelial tissue. At the same time, experimental evidence has indicated the existence of glassy…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-05-07 Michael Czajkowski , Daniel M. Sussman , M. Cristina Marchetti , M. Lisa Manning

Fluid-structure interactions between active and passive components are important for many biological systems to function. A particular example is chromatin in the cell nucleus, where ATP-powered processes drive coherent motions of the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-02-15 Scott Weady , David B. Stein , Alexandra Zidovska , Michael J. Shelley

Cellular membranes exhibit a large variety of shapes, strongly coupled to their function. Many biological processes involve dynamic reshaping of membranes, usually mediated by proteins. This interaction works both ways: while proteins…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2018-06-12 Afshin Vahid , Anđela Šarić , Timon Idema

I show the assumed Bilayer structure of cell membranes is Topologically falsified by known aminophospholipid dynamics in metabolically-active, Far from Equilibrium cells. The sensitivity of lipid and cytoplasmic flows to temperature,…

Biological Physics · Physics 2011-11-09 J. T. Lofthouse

Morphological trends in growing colonies of living cells are at the core of physiological and evolutionary processes. Using active gel equations, which include cell division, we show that shape changes during the growth can be regulated by…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-07-27 Amin Doostmohammadi , Sumesh P. Thampi , Julia M. Yeomans

Confluent populations of elongated cells give rise to ordered patterns seen in nematic phase liquid crystals. We correlate cell elongation and intercellular distance with intercellular alignment using an amorphous spin glass model. We…

Biological Physics · Physics 2016-11-28 Sunil Pai , Nathan Loewke , Morgaine Green , Christine Cordeiro , Elise Cabral , Bertha Chen , Thomas Baer

A qualitative model is presented, suggesting gravitational information is transduced into biological systems primarily by its effect on spatially organised membrane and cytoplasmic flows. Continuous low affinity interactions between…

Biological Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Juanita Lofthouse

Migratory and tissue resident cells exhibit highly branched morphologies to perform their function and to adapt to the microenvironment. Immune cells, for example, display transient branched shapes while exploring the surrounding tissues.…

Biological Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Jiayi Liu , Javier Boix-Campos , Jonathan E. Ron , Johan M. Kux , Nir S. Gov , Pablo J. Sáez

Collective cell motions underlie structure formation during embryonic development. Tissues exhibit emergent multicellular characteristics such as jamming, rigidity transitions, and glassy dynamics, but there remain questions about how those…

Biological Physics · Physics 2023-12-13 Evan Thomas , Sevan Hopyan

Biological cells in soft materials can be modeled as anisotropic force contraction dipoles. The corresponding elastic interaction potentials are long-ranged ($\sim 1/r^3$ with distance $r$) and depend sensitively on elastic constants,…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2009-11-07 U. S. Schwarz , S. A. Safran

Cell monolayers are a central model system to tissue biophysics. In vivo, epithelial tissues are curved on the scale of microns, and curvature's role in the onset of spontaneous tissue flows is still not well-understood. Here, we present a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2022-09-21 Samuel Bell , Shao-Zhen Lin , Jean-François Rupprecht , Jacques Prost