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Neuron death is a complex phenomenon with implications for model trainability: the deeper the network, the lower the probability of finding a valid initialization. In this work, we derive both upper and lower bounds on the probability that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Blaine Rister , Daniel L. Rubin

We explore the phase diagram of approximation rates for deep neural networks and prove several new theoretical results. In particular, we generalize the existing result on the existence of deep discontinuous phase in ReLU networks to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Dmitry Yarotsky , Anton Zhevnerchuk

Neural networks with ReLU activation play a key role in modern machine learning. Understanding the functions represented by ReLU networks is a major topic in current research as this enables a better interpretability of learning processes.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Vincent Froese , Moritz Grillo , Martin Skutella

We develop a general duality between neural networks and compositional kernels, striving towards a better understanding of deep learning. We show that initial representations generated by common random initializations are sufficiently rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-23 Amit Daniely , Roy Frostig , Yoram Singer

This paper explores learned-context neural networks. It is a multi-task learning architecture based on a fully shared neural network and an augmented input vector containing trainable task parameters. The architecture is interesting due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Anders T. Sandnes , Bjarne Grimstad , Odd Kolbjørnsen

This article studies deep neural network expression rates for optimal stopping problems of discrete-time Markov processes on high-dimensional state spaces. A general framework is established in which the value function and continuation…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-10-20 Lukas Gonon

We study the computation complexity of deep ReLU (Rectified Linear Unit) neural networks for the approximation of functions from the H\"older-Zygmund space of mixed smoothness defined on the $d$-dimensional unit cube when the dimension $d$…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-07-26 Dinh Dũng , Van Kien Nguyen

The use of Mixed-Integer Linear Programming (MILP) models to represent neural networks with Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU) activations has become increasingly widespread in the last decade. This has enabled the use of MILP technology to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-02-01 Fabian Badilla , Marcos Goycoolea , Gonzalo Muñoz , Thiago Serra

It has been widely assumed that a neural network cannot be recovered from its outputs, as the network depends on its parameters in a highly nonlinear way. Here, we prove that in fact it is often possible to identify the architecture,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-25 David Rolnick , Konrad P. Kording

We propose a new approach to the problem of neural network expressivity, which seeks to characterize how structural properties of a neural network family affect the functions it is able to compute. Our approach is based on an interrelated…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-20 Maithra Raghu , Ben Poole , Jon Kleinberg , Surya Ganguli , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein

Understanding the fundamental mechanism behind the success of deep neural networks is one of the key challenges in the modern machine learning literature. Despite numerous attempts, a solid theoretical analysis is yet to be developed. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-14 Tolga Ergen , Mert Pilanci

Existing works on the expressive power of neural networks typically assume real parameters and exact operations. In this work, we study the expressive power of quantized networks under discrete fixed-point parameters and inexact fixed-point…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yeachan Park , Sejun Park , Geonho Hwang

In this paper we investigate formal verification of extracted rules for Neural Networks under a complexity theoretic point of view. A rule is a global property or a pattern concerning a large portion of the input space of a network. These…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Adrian Wurm

Recent experiments in neuroscience reveal that task-relevant variables are often encoded in approximately orthogonal subspaces of neural population activity. These disentangled, or abstract, representations have been observed in multiple…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-03-16 Bin Wang , W. Jeffrey Johnston , Stefano Fusi

We define a notion of complexity, which quantifies the nonlinearity of the computation of a neural network, as well as a complementary measure of the effective dimension of feature representations. We investigate these observables both for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Romuald A. Janik , Przemek Witaszczyk

In many contexts, simpler models are preferable to more complex models and the control of this model complexity is the goal for many methods in machine learning such as regularization, hyperparameter tuning and architecture design. In deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Benoit Dherin , Michael Munn , Mihaela Rosca , David G. T. Barrett

Researchers have proposed various activation functions. These activation functions help the deep network to learn non-linear behavior with a significant effect on training dynamics and task performance. The performance of these activations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Pravendra Singh , Munender Varshney , Vinay P. Namboodiri

We consider functions defined by deep neural networks as definable objects in an o-miminal expansion of the real field, and derive an almost linear (in the number of weights) bound on sample complexity of such networks.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-25 Alexander Usvyatsov

Implicit neural networks have become increasingly attractive in the machine learning community since they can achieve competitive performance but use much less computational resources. Recently, a line of theoretical works established the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Tianxiang Gao , Hongyang Gao

Learning deep representations to solve complex machine learning tasks has become the prominent trend in the past few years. Indeed, Deep Neural Networks are now the golden standard in domains as various as computer vision, natural language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Vincent Gripon , Carlos Lassance , Ghouthi Boukli Hacene