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In computational science and data analytics, many workloads involve irregular and sparse computations that are inherently difficult to optimize for modern hardware. A key kernel is Sparse General Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpGEMM), which…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Yifan Li , Giulia Guidi

Sparse data structures are commonly used in neural networks to reduce the memory footprint. These data structures are compact but cause irregularities such as random memory accesses, which prevent efficient use of the memory hierarchy. GPUs…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Hossein Albakri , Kazem Cheshmi

Sparse matrix computation is crucial in various modern applications, including large-scale graph analytics, deep learning, and recommender systems. The performance of sparse kernels varies greatly depending on the structure of the input…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Francesco Sgherzi , Marco Siracusa , Ivan Fernandez , Adrià Armejach , Miquel Moretó

Sparse matrix-vector products (SpMVs) are a bottleneck in many scientific codes. Due to the heavy strain on the main memory interface from loading the sparse matrix and the possibly irregular memory access pattern, SpMV typically exhibits…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Dane C. Lacey , Christie L. Alappat , Florian Lange , Georg Hager , Holger Fehske , Gerhard Wellein

Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication (SpMV) is a fundamental operation in the inference of sparse Large Language Models (LLMs). Because existing SpMV methods perform poorly under the low and unstructured sparsity (30-90%) commonly observed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Vladimír Macko , Vladimír Boža

Sparse matrix multiplication is an important kernel for large-scale graph processing and other data-intensive applications. In this paper, we implement various asynchronous, RDMA-based sparse times dense (SpMM) and sparse times sparse…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Benjamin Brock , Aydın Buluç , Katherine Yelick

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are emerging as a powerful technique for modeling graph structures. Due to the sparsity of real-world graph data, GNN performance is limited by extensive sparse matrix multiplication (SpMM) operations involved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Shenghao Qiu , You Liang , Zheng Wang

Recently, graphics processors (GPUs) have been increasingly leveraged in a variety of scientific computing applications. However, architectural differences between CPUs and GPUs necessitate the development of algorithms that take advantage…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-01-05 Jonathan Wong , Ellen Kuhl , Eric Darve

Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is one of the most common operations in scientific and high-performance applications, and is often responsible for the application performance bottleneck. While the sparse matrix representation has…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Shizhao Chen , Jianbin Fang , Donglin Chen , Chuanfu Xu , Zheng Wang

Multiplication of a sparse matrix to a dense matrix (SpDM) is widely used in many areas like scientific computing and machine learning. However, existing works under-look the performance optimization of SpDM on modern many-core…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Shaohuai Shi , Qiang Wang , Xiaowen Chu

Scientific workloads have traditionally exploited high levels of sparsity to accelerate computation and reduce memory requirements. While deep neural networks can be made sparse, achieving practical speedups on GPUs is difficult because…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-02 Trevor Gale , Matei Zaharia , Cliff Young , Erich Elsen

General-purpose Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpMM) is a fundamental kernel in scientific computing and deep learning. The emergence of new matrix computation units such as Tensor Cores (TCs) brings more opportunities for SpMM…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Haisha Zhao , San Li , Jiaheng Wang , Chunbao Zhou , Jue Wang , Zhikuang Xin , Shunde Li , Zhiqiang Liang , Zhijie Pan , Fang Liu , Yan Zeng , Yangang Wang , Xuebin Chi

Sampled Dense Times Dense Matrix Multiplication (SDDMM) and Sparse Times Dense Matrix Multiplication (SpMM) appear in diverse settings, such as collaborative filtering, document clustering, and graph embedding. Frequently, the SDDMM output…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Vivek Bharadwaj , Aydin Buluç , James Demmel

Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference on mobile devices demands efficient hardware acceleration of low-precision (INT8) general matrix multiplication (GEMM). Exploiting data sparsity is a common approach to further accelerate GEMM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Zhi-Gang Liu , Paul N. Whatmough , Matthew Mattina

Sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is a widely used kernel in various graph, scientific computing and machine learning algorithms. It is well known that SpGEMM is a memory-bound operation, and its peak performance is expected to…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Zhixiang Gu , Jose Moreira , David Edelsohn , Ariful Azad

Sparse convolution plays a pivotal role in emerging workloads, including point cloud processing in AR/VR, autonomous driving, and graph understanding in recommendation systems. Since the computation pattern is sparse and irregular,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Haotian Tang , Shang Yang , Zhijian Liu , Ke Hong , Zhongming Yu , Xiuyu Li , Guohao Dai , Yu Wang , Song Han

Sparse Matrix Vector multiplication (SpMV) is one of basic building blocks in scientific computing, and acceleration of SpMV has been continuously required. In this research, we aim for accelerating SpMV on recent CPUs for sparse matrices…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-05-12 Takeshi Fukaya , Koki Ishida , Akie Miura , Takeshi Iwashita , Hiroshi Nakashima

The computational demands of modern Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are immense and constantly growing. While training costs usually capture public attention, inference demands are also contributing in significant computational, energy and…

Generalized Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpGEMM) is a ubiquitous task in various engineering and scientific applications. However, inner product based SpGENN introduces redundant input fetches for mismatched nonzero operands, while…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Zhekai Zhang , Hanrui Wang , Song Han , William J. Dally

Accelerators for sparse matrix multiplication are important components in emerging systems. In this paper, we study the main challenges of accelerating Sparse Matrix Multiplication (SpMM). For the situations that data is not stored in the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Pareesa Ameneh Golnari , Sharad Malik