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Modern generative models exhibit unprecedented capabilities to generate extremely realistic data. However, given the inherent compositionality of the real world, reliable use of these models in practical applications requires that they…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Maya Okawa , Ekdeep Singh Lubana , Robert P. Dick , Hidenori Tanaka

The machine learning community has mainly relied on real data to benchmark algorithms as it provides compelling evidence of model applicability. Evaluation on synthetic datasets can be a powerful tool to provide a better understanding of a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Florence Regol , Anja Kroon , Mark Coates

Probabilistic forecasting of multivariate time series is challenging due to non-stationarity, inter-variable dependencies, and distribution shifts. While recent diffusion and flow matching models have shown promise, they often ignore…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-19 Yanfeng Yang , Siwei Chen , Pingping Hu , Zhaotong Shen , Yingjie Zhang , Zhuoran Sun , Shuai Li , Ziqi Chen , Kenji Fukumizu

In this work, we explore the theoretical properties of conditional deep generative models under the statistical framework of distribution regression where the response variable lies in a high-dimensional ambient space but concentrates…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-02 Shivam Kumar , Yun Yang , Lizhen Lin

We consider a class of conditional forward-backward diffusion models for conditional generative modeling, that is, generating new data given a covariate (or control variable). To formally study the theoretical properties of these…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-10-01 Rong Tang , Lizhen Lin , Yun Yang

Regularized regression models are well studied and, under appropriate conditions, offer fast and statistically interpretable results. However, large data in many applications are heterogeneous in the sense of harboring distributional…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-10-25 Konstantinos Perrakis , Thomas Lartigue , Frank Dondelinger , Sach Mukherjee

In this paper, we propose a general framework for testing the conditional distribution equality in a two-sample problem, which is most relevant to covariate shift and causal discovery. Our framework is built on neural network-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Siming Zheng , Tong Wang , Meifang Lan , Yuanyuan Lin

Many dynamical phenomena display a cyclic behavior, in the sense that time can be partitioned into units within which distributional aspects of a process are homogeneous. In this paper, we introduce a class of models - called conjugate…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-05 Eduardo Horta , Flavio Ziegelmann

Many machine learning tasks, such as learning with invariance and policy evaluation in reinforcement learning, can be characterized as problems of learning from conditional distributions. In such problems, each sample $x$ itself is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-03 Bo Dai , Niao He , Yunpeng Pan , Byron Boots , Le Song

This paper proposes probabilistic conformal prediction (PCP), a predictive inference algorithm that estimates a target variable by a discontinuous predictive set. Given inputs, PCP construct the predictive set based on random samples from…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-22 Zhendong Wang , Ruijiang Gao , Mingzhang Yin , Mingyuan Zhou , David M. Blei

In this paper, we consider the problem of testing properties of joint distributions under the Conditional Sampling framework. In the standard sampling model, the sample complexity of testing properties of joint distributions is exponential…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-08-03 Rishiraj Bhattacharyya , Sourav Chakraborty

Quantum computing holds immense potential, yet its practical success depends on multiple factors, including advances in quantum circuit design. In this paper, we introduce a generative approach based on denoising diffusion models (DMs) to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-24 Daniel Barta , Darya Martyniuk , Johannes Jung , Adrian Paschke

We define what it means for a joint probability distribution to be compatible with a set of independent causal mechanisms, at a qualitative level -- or, more precisely, with a directed hypergraph ${\mathcal{A}}$, which is the qualitative…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Oliver E Richardson , Spencer Peters , Joseph Y Halpern

Recent improvements in conditional generative modeling have made it possible to generate high-quality images from language descriptions alone. We investigate whether these methods can directly address the problem of sequential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Anurag Ajay , Yilun Du , Abhi Gupta , Joshua Tenenbaum , Tommi Jaakkola , Pulkit Agrawal

Although deep learning has achieved appealing results on several machine learning tasks, most of the models are deterministic at inference, limiting their application to single-modal settings. We propose a novel general-purpose framework…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Sameera Ramasinghe , Kanchana Ranasinghe , Salman Khan , Nick Barnes , Stephen Gould

An important task in data analysis is the discovery of causal relationships between observed variables. For continuous-valued data, linear acyclic causal models are commonly used to model the data-generating process, and the inference of…

Learning a parametric model from a given dataset indeed enables to capture intrinsic dependencies between random variables via a parametric conditional probability distribution and in turn predict the value of a label variable given…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-14 Elouan Argouarc'h , François Desbouvries , Eric Barat , Eiji Kawasaki

Counterfactual instances offer human-interpretable insight into the local behaviour of machine learning models. We propose a general framework to generate sparse, in-distribution counterfactual model explanations which match a desired…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Arnaud Van Looveren , Janis Klaise , Giovanni Vacanti , Oliver Cobb

Directed latent variable models that formulate the joint distribution as $p(x,z) = p(z) p(x \mid z)$ have the advantage of fast and exact sampling. However, these models have the weakness of needing to specify $p(z)$, often with a simple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-12-13 Alex Lamb , Devon Hjelm , Yaroslav Ganin , Joseph Paul Cohen , Aaron Courville , Yoshua Bengio

The success of large generative models has driven a paradigm shift, leveraging massive multi-source data to enhance model capabilities. However, the interaction among these sources remains theoretically underexplored. This paper takes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Rongzhen Wang , Yan Zhang , Chenyu Zheng , Chongxuan Li , Guoqiang Wu