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Bell nonlocality and Kochen-Specker contextuality are two remarkable nonclassical features of quantum theory, related to strong correlations between outcomes of measurements performed on quantum systems. Both phenomena can be witnessed by…

The Kochen-Specker theorem shows the impossibility for a hidden variable theory to consistently assign values to certain (finite) sets of observables in a way that is non-contextual and consistent with quantum mechanics. If we require…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-12-19 Alastair A. Abbott , Cristian S. Calude , Jonathan Conder , Karl Svozil

Contextuality is a key distinguishing feature between classical and quantum physics. It expresses a fundamental obstruction to describing quantum theory using classical concepts. In turn, understood as a resource for quantum computation, it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-30 Markus Frembs

Quantum contextuality takes an important place amongst the concepts of quantum computing that bring an advantage over its classical counterpart. For a large class of contextuality proofs, aka. observable-based proofs of the Kochen-Specker…

Kochen-Specker (KS) vector systems are sets of vectors in R^3 with the property that it is impossible to assign 0s and 1s to the vectors in such a way that no two orthogonal vectors are assigned 0 and no three mutually orthogonal vectors…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-11-15 Felix Arends , Joel Ouaknine , Charles W. Wampler

Contextuality provides one of the fundamental characterizations of quantum phenomena, and can be used as a resource in lots of quantum information processing. In this paper, we summarize and derive some equivalent noncontextual inequalities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-20 Shihao Ru , Weidong Tang , Yunlong Wang , Feiran Wang , Pei Zhang , Fuli li

The Kochen-Specker theorem is one of the fundamental no-go theorems in quantum theory. It has far-reaching consequences for all attempts trying to give an interpretation of the quantum formalism. In this work, we examine the hypotheses…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-12 J. Acacio de Barros , Juan Pablo Jorge , Federico Holik

Hidden variables theories for quantum mechanics are usually assumed to satisfy the KS condition. The Bell-Kochen-Specker theorem then shows that these theories are necessarily contextual. But the KS condition can be criticized from an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-11-13 Claudio Garola

Quantum contextuality, as proved by Kochen and Specker, and also by Bell, should manifest itself in any state in any system with more than two distinguishable states and recently has been experimentally verified on various physical systems.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-30 Sixia Yu , C. H. Oh

This article delves into the concept of quantum contextuality, specifically focusing on proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem obtained by assigning Pauli observables to hypergraph vertices satisfying a given commutation relation. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-27 Axel Muller , Alain Giorgetti

Fully revealing the mathmatical structure of quantum contextuality is a significant task, while some known contextuality theories are only applicable for rank-1 projectors. That is because they adopt the observable-based definitions. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-17 Songyi Liu , Yongjun Wang , Baoshan Wang , Yunyi Jia

Quantum cryptographic protocols based on complementarity are nonsecure against attacks in which complementarity is imitated with classical resources. The Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem provides protection against these attacks, without…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-09-13 Adan Cabello , Vincenzo D'Ambrosio , Eleonora Nagali , Fabio Sciarrino

As quantum contextuality proves to be a necessary resource for universal quantum computation, we present a general method for vector generation of Kochen-Specker (KS) contextual sets in the form of hypergraphs. The method supersedes all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-07 Mladen Pavicic , Norman D. Megill

Quantum contextuality is one of the fundamental notions in quantum mechanics. Proofs of the Kochen-Specker theorem and noncontextuality inequalities are two means for revealing the contextuality phenomenon in quantum mechanics. It has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-08 Xiao-Dong Yu , Yan-Qing Guo , D. M. Tong

Quantum contextuality turns out to be a necessary resource for universal quantum computation and important in the field of quantum information processing. It is therefore of interest both for theoretical considerations and for experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-09-19 Mladen Pavicic

We show that (1) the violation of the Ekert 91 inequality is a sufficient condition for certification of the Kochen-Specker (KS) theorem, and (2) the violation of the Bennett-Brassard-Mermin 92 (BBM) inequality is, also, a sufficient…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Koji Nagata

The Kochen-Specker theorem is a basic and fundamental 50 year old non-existence result affecting the foundations of quantum mechanix, strongly implying the lack of any meaningful notion of "quantum realism", and typically leading to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-04-11 Del Rajan , Matt Visser

We show that three unsharp binary qubit measurements are enough to violate a generalized noncontextuality inequality, the LSW inequality, in a state-dependent manner. For the case of trine spin axes we calculate the optimal quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-05-15 Ravi Kunjwal , Sibasish Ghosh

Randomness is a potential resource for cryptography, simulations and algorithms. Non-local correlations violating Bell's inequality certify the generation of bit strings whose randomness is guaranteed in a device-independent manner. We…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-03-31 A. K. Pan

Quantum contextuality provides a fundamental signature of nonclassical behavior that cannot be explained by noncontextual hidden-variable models. We propose and experimentally implement a linear-optical setup for demonstrating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Jiaqi Liu , Bita Olamaei , Lijian Zhang , Ali Asadian , Saleh Rahimi-Keshari