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Controlled experiments are widely used in many applications to investigate the causal relationship between input factors and experimental outcomes. A completely randomized design is usually used to randomly assign treatment levels to…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-05-12 Yiou Li , Lulu Kang , Xiao Huang

Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has been studied extensively in conventional, single-stage clinical trials, where it has been shown to yield ethical and statistical benefits, especially in trials with many treatment arms. However, RAR…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-01-09 Peter Norwood , Marie Davidian , Eric Laber

Misclassification in binary outcomes is not uncommon and statistical methods to investigate its impact on policy-driving study results are lacking. While misclassifying binary outcomes is a statistically ubiquitous phenomena, we focus on…

This paper investigates the computational and statistical limits in clustering matrix-valued observations. We propose a low-rank mixture model (LrMM), adapted from the classical Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to treat matrix-valued…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Zhongyuan Lyu , Dong Xia

We consider estimation of an optimal individualized treatment rule from observational and randomized studies when a high-dimensional vector of baseline variables is available. Our optimality criterion is with respect to delaying expected…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-11-09 Iván Díaz , Oleksandr Savenkov , Karla Ballman

Evaluating clustering quality with reliable evaluation metrics like normalized mutual information (NMI) requires labeled data that can be expensive to annotate. We focus on the underexplored problem of estimating clustering quality with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Nihal V. Nayak , Ethan R. Elenberg , Clemens Rosenbaum

Group sequential designs in clinical trials allow for interim efficacy and futility monitoring. Adjustment for baseline covariates can increase power and precision of estimated effects. However, inconsistently applying covariate adjustment…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-08-11 Marlena S. Bannick , Sonya L. Heltshe , Noah Simon

Practical machine learning systems often operate in multiple sequential stages, as seen in ranking and recommendation systems, which typically include a retrieval phase followed by a ranking phase. Effectively assessing prediction…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yunpeng Xu , Mufang Ying , Wenge Guo , Zhi Wei

Confounding is a significant obstacle to unbiased estimation of causal effects from observational data. For settings with high-dimensional covariates -- such as text data, genomics, or the behavioral social sciences -- researchers have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Katherine A. Keith , Sergey Feldman , David Jurgens , Jonathan Bragg , Rohit Bhattacharya

A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is widely regarded as the gold standard for assessing the causal effect of a treatment or intervention, assuming perfect implementation. In practice, however, randomization can be compromised for various…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-21 Yin Tang , Yanyuan Ma , Jiwei Zhao

This paper investigates pilot-aided channel estimation for two-way relay networks (TWRNs) in the presence of synchronization errors between the two sources. The unpredictable synchronization error leads to time domain offset and signal…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-06-23 Xinqian Xie , Mugen Peng , Yonghui Li , Wenbo Wang , H. Vincent Poor

Patient-centered outcomes, such as quality of life and length of hospital stay, are the focus in a wide array of clinical studies. However, participants in randomized trials for elderly or critically and severely ill patient populations may…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-04-17 Dane Isenberg , Michael Harhay , Nandita Mitra , Fan Li

Solving conditional moment restrictions (CMRs) is a key problem considered in statistics, causal inference, and econometrics, where the aim is to solve for a function of interest that satisfies some conditional moment equalities.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-25 Daqian Shao , Ashkan Soleymani , Francesco Quinzan , Marta Kwiatkowska

In cluster randomized trials, the average treatment effect among individuals (i-ATE) can be different from the cluster average treatment effect (c-ATE) when informative cluster size is present, i.e., when treatment effects or participant…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-02 Bryan S. Blette , Zhe Chen , Brennan C. Kahan , Andrew Forbes , Michael O. Harhay , Fan Li

Modern high-dimensional methods often adopt the "bet on sparsity" principle, while in supervised multivariate learning statisticians may face "dense" problems with a large number of nonzero coefficients. This paper proposes a novel…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-10 Yiyuan She , Jiahui Shen , Chao Zhang

We consider ordered logit models for directed network data that allow for flexible sender and receiver fixed effects that can vary arbitrarily across outcome categories. This structure poses a significant incidental parameter problem,…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-07-23 Chris Muris , Cavit Pakel , Qichen Zhang

The ability to accurately estimate the sample size required by a stepped-wedge (SW) cluster randomized trial (CRT) routinely depends upon the specification of several nuisance parameters. If these parameters are mis-specified, the trial…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-10-10 Michael Grayling , Adrian Mander , James Wason

Electronic records contain sequences of events, some of which take place all at once in a single visit, and others that are dispersed over multiple visits, each with a different timestamp. We postulate that fine temporal detail, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Mohammad Taha Bahadori , Zachary Chase Lipton

We consider the estimation of the average treatment effect in the treated as a function of baseline covariates, where there is a valid (conditional) instrument. We describe two doubly robust (DR) estimators: a locally efficient g-estimator,…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-11 Karla DiazOrdaz , Rhian Daniel , Noemi Kreif

We study optimal variance reduction solutions for count and ratio metrics in online controlled experiments. Our methods leverage flexible machine learning tools to incorporate covariates that are independent from the treatment but have…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-05 Ying Jin , Shan Ba