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We present the first algorithm for maintaining a maximal independent set (MIS) of a fully dynamic graph---which undergoes both edge insertions and deletions---in polylogarithmic time. Our algorithm is randomized and, per update, takes…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-09-10 Soheil Behnezhad , Mahsa Derakhshan , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Cliff Stein , Madhu Sudan

Fix a parameter $k\in \mathbf{N}$. We give dynamic data structures that for a fully dynamic undirected graph $G$, updated over time by edge insertions and edge deletions, can answer the following queries: - Long $(u,v)$-path: Given $u,v\in…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Daniel Dadush , Michał Pilipczuk , Amadeus Reinald , Marek Sokołowski , Michał Włodarczyk

In fully dynamic graphs, we know how to maintain a 2-approximation of maximum matching extremely fast, that is, in polylogarithmic update time or better. In a sharp contrast and despite extensive studies, all known algorithms that maintain…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Soheil Behnezhad , Jakub Łącki , Vahab Mirrokni

We consider dynamic algorithms for maintaining Single-Source Reachability (SSR) and approximate Single-Source Shortest Paths (SSSP) on $n$-node $m$-edge directed graphs under edge deletions (decremental algorithms). The previous fastest…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-03-02 Monika Henzinger , Sebastian Krinninger , Danupon Nanongkai

We present a deterministic fully dynamic algorithm with subpolynomial worst-case time per graph update such that after processing each update of the graph, the algorithm outputs a minimum cut of the graph if the graph has a cut of size at…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Wenyu Jin , Xiaorui Sun , Mikkel Thorup

We study dynamic planar graphs with $n$ vertices, subject to edge deletion, edge contraction, edge insertion across a face, and the splitting of a vertex in specified corners. We dynamically maintain a combinatorial embedding of such a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Jacob Holm , Ivor van der Hoog , Eva Rotenberg

Given a directed graph $G$, a transitive reduction $G^t$ of $G$ (first studied by Aho, Garey, Ullman [SICOMP `72]) is a minimal subgraph of $G$ that preserves the reachability relation between every two vertices in $G$. In this paper, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Gramoz Goranci , Adam Karczmarz , Ali Momeni , Nikos Parotsidis

Algebraic data structures are the main subroutine for maintaining distances in fully dynamic graphs in subquadratic time. However, these dynamic algebraic algorithms generally cannot maintain the shortest paths, especially against adaptive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Anastasiia Alokhina , Jan van den Brand

In this paper we consider the fundamental problem of finding subgraphs in highly dynamic distributed networks - networks which allow an arbitrary number of links to be inserted / deleted per round. We show that the problems of $k$-clique…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-18 Keren Censor-Hillel , Victor I. Kolobov , Gregory Schwartzman

In the recent research of data mining, frequent structures in a sequence of graphs have been studied intensively, and one of the main concern is changing structures along a sequence of graphs that can capture dynamic properties of data. On…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-06-28 Takeaki Uno , Yushi Uno

In the fully dynamic maximal matching problem, the goal is to maintain a maximal matching in a graph undergoing an online sequence of edge insertions and deletions. The problem has been studied extensively in the oblivious-adversary…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Julia Chuzhoy , Sanjeev Khanna , Junkai Song

While in many graph mining applications it is crucial to handle a stream of updates efficiently in terms of {\em both} time and space, not much was known about achieving such type of algorithm. In this paper we study this issue for a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-09-23 Sayan Bhattacharya , Monika Henzinger , Danupon Nanongkai , Charalampos E. Tsourakakis

Given a dynamic graph $G$ with $n$ vertices and $m$ edges subject to insertion an deletions of edges, we show how to maintain a $(1+\varepsilon)\Delta$-edge-colouring of $G$ without the use of randomisation. More specifically, we show a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Aleksander B. G. Christiansen

A $t$-spanner of an undirected $n$-vertex graph $G$ is a sparse subgraph $H$ of $G$ that preserves all pairwise distances between its vertices to within multiplicative factor $t$, also called the \emph{stretch}. We investigate the problem…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Julia Chuzhoy , Merav Parter

Counting the frequency of small subgraphs is a fundamental technique in network analysis across various domains, most notably in bioinformatics and social networks. The special case of triangle counting has received much attention. Getting…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-11-19 Madhav Jha , C. Seshadhri , Ali Pinar

The first fully dynamic algorithm for maintaining a maximal independent set (MIS) with update time that is sublinear in the number of edges was presented recently by the authors of this paper [Assadi et.al. STOC'18]. The algorithm is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Sepehr Assadi , Krzysztof Onak , Baruch Schieber , Shay Solomon

We study fully dynamic algorithms for maximum matching. This is a well-studied problem, known to admit several update-time/approximation trade-offs. For instance, it is known how to maintain a 1/2-approximate matching in $\log^{O(1)} n$…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Soheil Behnezhad

Dynamic trees are a well-studied and fundamental building block of dynamic graph algorithms dating back to the seminal work of Sleator and Tarjan [STOC'81, (1981), pp. 114-122]. The problem is to maintain a tree subject to online edge…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Daniel Anderson , Guy E. Blelloch

During the last 10 years it has become popular to study dynamic graph problems in a emergency planning or sensitivity setting: Instead of considering the general fully dynamic problem, we only have to process a single batch update of size…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Monika Henzinger , Stefan Neumann

We study the exact fully dynamic shortest paths problem. For real-weighted directed graphs, we show a deterministic fully dynamic data structure with $\tilde{O}(mn^{4/5})$ worst-case update time processing arbitrary $s,t$-distance queries…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Adam Karczmarz , Piotr Sankowski