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Understanding the behavior of learned classifiers is an important task, and various black-box explanations, logical reasoning approaches, and model-specific methods have been proposed. In this paper, we introduce probabilistic sufficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Eric Wang , Pasha Khosravi , Guy Van den Broeck

Natural language (NL) explanations of model predictions are gaining popularity as a means to understand and verify decisions made by large black-box pre-trained models, for NLP tasks such as Question Answering (QA) and Fact Verification.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Kushal Lakhotia , Bhargavi Paranjape , Asish Ghoshal , Wen-tau Yih , Yashar Mehdad , Srinivasan Iyer

With increasing interest in explaining machine learning (ML) models, the first part of this two-part study synthesizes recent research on methods for explaining global and local aspects of ML models. This study distinguishes explainability…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-17 Montgomery Flora , Corey Potvin , Amy McGovern , Shawn Handler

In this paper titled A Model-Agnostic SAT-based approach for Symbolic Explanation Enumeration we propose a generic agnostic approach allowing to generate different and complementary types of symbolic explanations. More precisely, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Ryma Boumazouza , Fahima Cheikh-Alili , Bertrand Mazure , Karim Tabia

Strategies based on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) have promoted better human interpretability of the results of black box models. This opens up the possibility of questioning whether explanations created by XAI methods meet…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 José Ribeiro , Níkolas Carneiro , Ronnie Alves

Natural language explanations in recommender systems are often framed as a review generation task, leveraging user reviews as ground-truth supervision. While convenient, this approach conflates a user's opinion with the system's reasoning,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-08-08 S. M. F. Sani , Asal Meskin , Mohammad Amanlou , Hamid R. Rabiee

Existing models which generate textual explanations enforce task relevance through a discriminative term loss function, but such mechanisms only weakly constrain mentioned object parts to actually be present in the image. In this paper, a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-11-20 Lisa Anne Hendricks , Ronghang Hu , Trevor Darrell , Zeynep Akata

With the advancement of technology for artificial intelligence (AI) based solutions and analytics compute engines, machine learning (ML) models are getting more complex day by day. Most of these models are generally used as a black box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 P. Sai Ram Aditya , Mayukha Pal

The widespread adoption of black-box models in Artificial Intelligence has enhanced the need for explanation methods to reveal how these obscure models reach specific decisions. Retrieving explanations is fundamental to unveil possible…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Francesco Bodria , Fosca Giannotti , Riccardo Guidotti , Francesca Naretto , Dino Pedreschi , Salvatore Rinzivillo

Modern machine learning models are complicated. Most of them rely on convoluted latent representations of their input to issue a prediction. To achieve greater transparency than a black-box that connects inputs to predictions, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Jonathan Crabbé , Zhaozhi Qian , Fergus Imrie , Mihaela van der Schaar

Open-domain semantic parsing remains a challenging task, as neural models often rely on heuristics and struggle to handle unseen concepts. In this paper, we investigate the potential of large language models (LLMs) for this task and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Xiao Zhang , Qianru Meng , Johan Bos

Mechanistic interpretability is often motivated for alignment auditing, where a model's verbal explanations can be absent, incomplete, or misleading. Yet many evaluations do not control whether black-box prompting alone can recover the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ziqian Zhong , Aashiq Muhamed , Mona T. Diab , Virginia Smith , Aditi Raghunathan

Large language models (LLMs) have attracted huge interest in practical applications given their increasingly accurate responses and coherent reasoning abilities. Given their nature as black-boxes using complex reasoning processes on their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-05 James Enouen , Hootan Nakhost , Sayna Ebrahimi , Sercan O Arik , Yan Liu , Tomas Pfister

Many methods now exist for conditioning model outputs on task instructions, retrieved documents, and user-provided explanations and feedback. Rather than relying solely on examples of task inputs and outputs, these approaches use valuable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-12 Peter Hase , Mohit Bansal

As deep learning models are increasingly used in safety-critical applications, explainability and trustworthiness become major concerns. For simple images, such as low-resolution face portraits, synthesizing visual counterfactual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-20 Paul Jacob , Éloi Zablocki , Hédi Ben-Younes , Mickaël Chen , Patrick Pérez , Matthieu Cord

Feature construction can contribute to comprehensibility and performance of machine learning models. Unfortunately, it usually requires exhaustive search in the attribute space or time-consuming human involvement to generate meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Boštjan Vouk , Matej Guid , Marko Robnik-Šikonja

While explainability is a desirable characteristic of increasingly complex black-box models, modern explanation methods have been shown to be inconsistent and contradictory. The semantics of explanations is not always fully understood - to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Omer Reingold , Judy Hanwen Shen , Aditi Talati

Mathematical reasoning is one of the crucial abilities of general artificial intelligence, which requires machines to master mathematical logic and knowledge from solving problems. However, existing approaches are not transparent (thus not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Jiayu Liu , Zhenya Huang , Chengxiang Zhai , Qi Liu

Recently, several methods have leveraged deep generative modeling to produce example-based explanations of image classifiers. Despite producing visually stunning results, these methods are largely disconnected from classical explainability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Philipp Vaeth , Alexander M. Fruehwald , Benjamin Paassen , Magda Gregorova

Model explanation techniques play a critical role in understanding the source of a model's performance and making its decisions transparent. Here we investigate if explanation techniques can also be used as a mechanism for scientific…

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