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The design of complex engineering systems is an often long and articulated process that highly relies on engineers' expertise and professional judgment. As such, the typical pitfalls of activities involving the human factor often manifest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Shaohong Zhong , Andrea Scarinci , Alice Cicirello

We introduce VL2NL, a Large Language Model (LLM) framework that generates rich and diverse NL datasets using only Vega-Lite specifications as input, thereby streamlining the development of Natural Language Interfaces (NLIs) for data…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Hyung-Kwon Ko , Hyeon Jeon , Gwanmo Park , Dae Hyun Kim , Nam Wook Kim , Juho Kim , Jinwook Seo

Large, high-quality annotated corpora remain scarce in document-level entity and relation extraction in zero-shot or few-shot settings. In this paper, we present a fully automatic, LLM-based pipeline for synthetic data generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Nicholas Popovič , Ashish Kangen , Tim Schopf , Michael Färber

Recent advancements in Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various multimodal tasks. They continue, however, to struggle with trivial scenarios such as reading values from Digital…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-01 João Valente , Atabak Dehban , Rodrigo Ventura

Data is a cornerstone for fine-tuning large language models, yet acquiring suitable data remains challenging. Challenges encompassed data scarcity, linguistic diversity, and domain-specific content. This paper presents lessons learned while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Thanh Nguyen Ngoc , Quang Nhat Tran , Arthur Tang , Bao Nguyen , Thuy Nguyen , Thanh Pham

Visual Document Retrieval (VDR) typically operates as text-to-image retrieval using specialized bi-encoders trained to directly embed document images. We revisit a zero-shot generate-and-encode pipeline: a vision-language model first…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Thong Nguyen , Yibin Lei , Jia-Huei Ju , Andrew Yates

We propose a toolkit to generate structured synthetic documents emulating the actual document production process. Synthetic documents can be used to train systems to perform document analysis tasks. In our case we address the record…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-10-11 Samuele Capobianco , Simone Marinai

Visual Document Understanding has become essential with the increase of text-rich visual content. This field poses significant challenges due to the need for effective integration of visual perception and textual comprehension, particularly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Han Xiao , Yina Xie , Guanxin Tan , Yinghao Chen , Rui Hu , Ke Wang , Aojun Zhou , Hao Li , Hao Shao , Xudong Lu , Peng Gao , Yafei Wen , Xiaoxin Chen , Shuai Ren , Hongsheng Li

Prior study shows that pre-training techniques can boost the performance of visual document understanding (VDU), which typically requires models to gain abilities to perceive and reason both document texts and layouts (e.g., locations of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Zhiming Mao , Haoli Bai , Lu Hou , Jiansheng Wei , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu , Kam-Fai Wong

Enterprise documents such as forms, invoices, receipts, reports, contracts, and other similar records, often carry rich semantics at the intersection of textual and spatial modalities. The visual cues offered by their complex layouts play a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Dongsheng Wang , Natraj Raman , Mathieu Sibue , Zhiqiang Ma , Petr Babkin , Simerjot Kaur , Yulong Pei , Armineh Nourbakhsh , Xiaomo Liu

Supervised dictionary learning (SDL) is a classical machine learning method that simultaneously seeks feature extraction and classification tasks, which are not necessarily a priori aligned objectives. The goal of SDL is to learn a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-06-15 Joowon Lee , Hanbaek Lyu , Weixin Yao

Document layout understanding is a field of study that analyzes the spatial arrangement of information in a document hoping to understand its structure and layout. Models such as LayoutLM (and its subsequent iterations) can understand…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Pablo Melendez , Clemens Havas

Creating presentation materials requires complex multimodal reasoning skills to summarize key concepts and arrange them in a logical and visually pleasing manner. Can machines learn to emulate this laborious process? We present a novel task…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Tsu-Jui Fu , William Yang Wang , Daniel McDuff , Yale Song

Using Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate synthetic data for model training has become increasingly popular in recent years. While LLMs are capable of producing realistic training data, the effectiveness of data generation is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yinheng Li , Rogerio Bonatti , Sara Abdali , Justin Wagle , Kazuhito Koishida

Interacting with computers is a ubiquitous activity for millions of people. Repetitive or specialized tasks often require creation of small, often one-off, programs. End-users struggle with learning and using the myriad of domain-specific…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2015-09-02 Aditya Desai , Sumit Gulwani , Vineet Hingorani , Nidhi Jain , Amey Karkare , Mark Marron , Sailesh R , Subhajit Roy

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) have become integrated into our daily lives, serving as invaluable assistants in completing tasks. Widely embraced by users, the abuse of LLMs is inevitable, particularly in using them to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Quang-Dan Tran , Van-Quan Nguyen , Quang-Huy Pham , K. B. Thang Nguyen , Trong-Hop Do

Recently there has been increasing interest in developing and deploying deep graph learning algorithms for many tasks, such as fraud detection and recommender systems. Albeit, there is a limited number of publicly available graph-structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Sajad Darabi , Piotr Bigaj , Dawid Majchrowski , Artur Kasymov , Pawel Morkisz , Alex Fit-Florea

Supervised deep learning (DL) receives great interest for automated analysis of microscopic images with an increasing body of literature supporting its potential. The development and validation of those DL models relies heavily on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Christof A. Bertram , Viktoria Weiss , Jonas Ammeling , F. Maria Schabel , Taryn A. Donovan , Frauke Wilm , Christian Marzahl , Katharina Breininger , Marc Aubreville

The document layout analysis (DLA) aims to decompose document images into high-level semantic areas (i.e., figures, tables, texts, and background). Creating a DLA framework with strong generalization capabilities is a challenge due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Xingjiao Wu , Luwei Xiao , Xiangcheng Du , Yingbin Zheng , Xin Li , Tianlong Ma , Cheng Jin , Liang He

Synthetic data generation has emerged as an invaluable solution in scenarios where real-world data collection and usage are limited by cost and scarcity. Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in producing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Anh Nguyen , Sam Schafft , Nicholas Hale , John Alfaro