Related papers: Rational Pricing of Leveraged ETF Expense Ratios
Leveraged Exchange Traded Funds (LETFs), while extremely controversial in the literature, remain stubbornly popular with both institutional and retail investors in practice. While the criticisms of LETFs are certainly valid, we argue that…
We examine strategically incorporating broad stock market leveraged exchange-traded funds (LETFs) into investment portfolios. We demonstrate that easily understandable and implementable strategies can enhance the risk-return profile of a…
A leveraged ETF is a fund aimed at achieving a rate of return several times greater than that of the underlying asset such as Nikkei 225 futures. Recently, it has been suggested that rebalancing trades of a leveraged ETF may destabilize the…
The growth of the exhange-traded fund (ETF) industry has given rise to the trading of options written on ETFs and their leveraged counterparts {(LETFs)}. We study the relationship between the ETF and LETF implied volatility surfaces when…
A common belief is that leveraged ETFs (LETFs) suffer long-term performance decay due to \emph{volatility drag}. We show that this view is incomplete: LETF performance depends fundamentally on return autocorrelation and return dynamics. In…
It is common knowledge that leverage can increase the potential returns of an investment, at the expense of increased risk. For a passive investor in the stock market, leverage can be achieved using margin debt or leveraged-ETFs. We perform…
A leveraged exchange traded fund (LETF) is an exchange traded fund that uses financial derivatives to amplify the price changes of a basket of goods. In this paper, we consider the robust hedging of European options on a LETF, finding…
Commodity exchange-traded funds (ETFs) are a significant part of the rapidly growing ETF market. They have become popular in recent years as they provide investors access to a great variety of commodities, ranging from precious metals to…
The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of rebalancing frequency and transaction costs on the log-optimal portfolio, which is a portfolio that maximizes the expected logarithmic growth rate of an investor's wealth. We prove that…
We build a simple model of leveraged asset purchases with margin calls. Investment funds use what is perhaps the most basic financial strategy, called "value investing", i.e. systematically attempting to buy underpriced assets. When funds…
In modern portfolio theory, the balancing of expected returns on investments against uncertainties in those returns is aided by the use of utility functions. The Kelly criterion offers another approach, rooted in information theory, that…
This paper studies the long-term growth rate of expected utility from holding a leveraged exchanged-traded fund (LETF), which is a constant proportion portfolio of the reference asset. Working with the power utility function, we develop an…
An equiangular tight frame (ETF) yields a type of optimal packing of lines in a Euclidean space. ETFs seem to be rare, and all known infinite families of them arise from some type of combinatorial design. In this paper, we introduce a new…
This paper considers the problem of isolating a small number of exchange traded funds (ETFs) that suffice to capture the fundamental dimensions of variation in U.S. financial markets. First, the data is fit to a vector-valued Bayesian…
This paper studies the empirical tracking performance of leveraged ETFs on gold, and their price relationships with gold spot and futures. For tracking the gold spot, we find that our optimized portfolios with short-term gold futures are…
Financial Transmission Rights (FTRs) enable electricity market participants to hedge congestion risk in Day Ahead Market (DAM) operations, but for the market to be solvent, Independent System Operators (ISOs) must ensure that FTR payouts do…
Peters (2011a) defined an optimal leverage which maximizes the time-average growth rate of an investment held at constant leverage. It was hypothesized that this optimal leverage is attracted to 1, such that, e.g., leveraging an investment…
This paper analyzes the robust long-term growth rate of expected utility and expected return from holding a leveraged exchange-traded fund (LETF). When the Markovian model parameters in the reference asset are uncertain, the robust…
Duality for robust hedging with proportional transaction costs of path dependent European options is obtained in a discrete time financial market with one risky asset. Investor's portfolio consists of a dynamically traded stock and a static…
Motivated by the current global high inflation scenario, we aim to discover a dynamic multi-period allocation strategy to optimally outperform a passive benchmark while adhering to a bounded leverage limit. To this end, we formulate an…