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This work proposes a solution for the problem of training physics-informed networks under partial integro-differential equations. These equations require an infinite or a large number of neural evaluations to construct a single residual for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ehsan Saleh , Saba Ghaffari , Timothy Bretl , Luke Olson , Matthew West

A physics-informed neural network (PINN) uses physics-augmented loss functions, e.g., incorporating the residual term from governing partial differential equations (PDEs), to ensure its output is consistent with fundamental physics laws.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Jian Cheng Wong , Chinchun Ooi , Abhishek Gupta , Yew-Soon Ong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as promising methods for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) by embedding physical laws within neural architectures. However, these classical approaches often require a large…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-21 Afrah Farea , Saiful Khan , Mustafa Serdar Celebi

Deep learning algorithms have been successfully applied to numerically solve linear Kolmogorov partial differential equations~(PDEs). A recent research shows that if the initial functions are bounded, the empirical risk minimization (ERM)…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-06-25 Jichang Xiao , Xiaoqun Wang

Recent work in scientific machine learning has developed so-called physics-informed neural network (PINN) models. The typical approach is to incorporate physical domain knowledge as soft constraints on an empirical loss function and use…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-12 Aditi S. Krishnapriyan , Amir Gholami , Shandian Zhe , Robert M. Kirby , Michael W. Mahoney

Physics informed neural networks (PINNs) have emerged as a powerful tool to provide robust and accurate approximations of solutions to partial differential equations (PDEs). However, PINNs face serious difficulties and challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-11 Rajat Arora

Physics Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) often exhibit failure modes in which the PDE residual loss converges while the solution error stays large, a phenomenon traditionally blamed on local optima separated from the true solution by steep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Chenhui Xu , Dancheng Liu , Amir Nassereldine , Jinjun Xiong

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have proven to be a promising method for the rapid solving of partial differential equations (PDEs) in both forward and inverse problems. However, due to the smoothness assumption of functions…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Guoqiang Lei , D. Exposito , Xuerui Mao

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely applied to solve partial differential equations (PDEs) by enforcing outputs and gradients of deep models to satisfy target equations. Due to the limitation of numerical computation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Haixu Wu , Huakun Luo , Yuezhou Ma , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been popularized as a deep learning framework that can seamlessly synthesize observational data and partial differential equation (PDE) constraints. Their practical effectiveness however can be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Sifan Wang , Shyam Sankaran , Hanwen Wang , Paris Perdikaris

Physically informed neural networks (PINNs) are a promising emerging method for solving differential equations. As in many other deep learning approaches, the choice of PINN design and training protocol requires careful craftsmanship. Here,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-10-09 Inbar Seroussi , Asaf Miron , Zohar Ringel

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a class of deep learning models aiming to approximate solutions of PDEs by training neural networks to minimize the residual of the equation. Focusing on non-equilibrium fluctuating systems, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Javier Castro , Benjamin Gess

This paper provides rigorous error bounds for physics-informed neural networks approximating the semilinear wave equation. We provide bounds for the generalization and training error in terms of the width of the network's layers and the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-30 Beatrice Lorenz , Aras Bacho , Gitta Kutyniok

As an emerging technology in deep learning, physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have been widely used to solve various partial differential equations (PDEs) in engineering. However, PDEs based on practical considerations contain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-11 Yuhao Huang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) represent a significant advancement in scientific machine learning by integrating fundamental physical laws into their architecture through loss functions. PINNs have been successfully applied to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Wei Zhou , Y. F. Xu

The physics informed neural network (PINN) is a promising method for solving time-evolution partial differential equations (PDEs). However, the standard PINN method may fail to solve the PDEs with strongly nonlinear characteristics or those…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-06-08 Jiawei Guo , Yanzhong Yao , Han Wang , Tongxiang Gu

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) are an influential method of solving differential equations and estimating their parameters given data. However, since they make use of neural networks, they provide only a point estimate of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-15 Lena Podina , Mahdi Torabi Rad , Mohammad Kohandel

Motivated by the recent successful application of physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) to solve Boltzmann-type equations [S. Jin, Z. Ma, and K. Wu, J. Sci. Comput., 94 (2023), pp. 57], we provide a rigorous error analysis for PINNs in…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-20 Elie Abdo , Lihui Chai , Ruimeng Hu , Xu Yang

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) effectively embed physical principles into machine learning, but often struggle with complex or alternating geometries. We propose a novel method for integrating geometric transformations within…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Samuel Burbulla

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) are a class of deep neural networks that are trained, using automatic differentiation, to compute the response of systems governed by partial differential equations (PDEs). The training of PINNs is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Mohammad Amin Nabian , Rini Jasmine Gladstone , Hadi Meidani