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Modern large language models (LLMs) place extraordinary pressure on memory and compute budgets, making principled compression indispensable for both deployment and continued training. We present Hierarchical Sparse Plus Low-Rank (HSS)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Pawan Kumar , Aditi Gupta

The conventional von Neumann architecture has been revealed as a major performance and energy bottleneck for rising data-intensive applications. %, due to the intensive data movements. The decade-old idea of leveraging in-memory processing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Bing Li , Bonan Yan , Hai , Li

Non-volatile memories (NVMs) have the potential to reshape next-generation memory systems because of their promising properties of near-zero leakage power consumption, high density and non-volatility. However, NVMs also face critical…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Yixin Xu , Yi Xiao , Zijian Zhao , Franz Müller , Alptekin Vardar , Xiao Gong , Sumitha George , Thomas Kämpfe , Vijaykrishnan Narayanan , Kai Ni

The memory controller is in charge of managing DRAM maintenance operations (e.g., refresh, RowHammer protection, memory scrubbing) to reliably operate modern DRAM chips. Implementing new maintenance operations often necessitates…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Hasan Hassan , Ataberk Olgun , A. Giray Yaglikci , Haocong Luo , Onur Mutlu

We introduce the notion of universal memcomputing machines (UMMs): a class of brain-inspired general-purpose computing machines based on systems with memory, whereby processing and storing of information occur on the same physical location.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2015-12-17 Fabio L. Traversa , Massimiliano Di Ventra

The advent of CPU-attached persistent memory technology, such as Intel's Optane Persistent Memory Modules (PMM), has brought with it new opportunities for storage. In 2018, IBM Research Almaden began investigating and developing a new…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Daniel Waddington , Clem Dickey , Moshik Hershcovitch , Sangeetha Seshadri

Persistent Memory (PM) makes possible recoverable applications that can preserve application progress across system reboots and power failures. Actual recoverability requires careful ordering of cacheline flushes, currently done in two…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-02 Swapnil Haria , Mark D. Hill , Michael M. Swift

Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) excel in learning hierarchical representations from raw data, such as images, audio, and text. To compute these DNN models with high performance and energy efficiency, these models are usually deployed onto…

The quest for energy-efficient, scalable neuromorphic computing has elevated compute-in-memory (CIM) architectures to the forefront of hardware innovation. While memristive memories have been extensively explored for synaptic implementation…

Materials Science · Physics 2025-08-20 Kapil Bhardwaj , Ella Paasio , Sayani Majumdar

The Big Data trend is putting strain on modern storage systems, which have to support high-performance I/O accesses for the large quantities of data. With the prevalent Von Neumann computing architecture, this data is constantly moved back…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Corne Lukken , Giulia Frascaria , Animesh Trivedi

Modern computing systems are embracing hybrid memory comprising of DRAM and non-volatile memory (NVM) to combine the best properties of both memory technologies, achieving low latency, high reliability, and high density. A prominent…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Shihao Song , Anup Das , Nagarajan Kandasamy

Efficient memory management in heterogeneous systems is increasingly challenging due to diverse compute architectures (e.g., CPU, GPU, FPGA) and dynamic task mappings not known at compile time. Existing approaches often require programmers…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Serhan Gener , Aditya Ukarande , Shilpa Mysore Srinivasa Murthy , Sahil Hassan , Joshua Mack , Chaitali Chakrabarti , Umit Ogras , Ali Akoglu

An effective auto-scaling framework is essential for microservices to ensure performance stability and resource efficiency under dynamic workloads. As revealed by many prior studies, the key to efficient auto-scaling lies in accurately…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Qin Hua , Dingyu Yang , Shiyou Qian , Jian Cao , Guangtao Xue , Minglu Li

Non-volatile Memory (NVM) technologies present a promising alternative to traditional volatile memories such as SRAM and DRAM. Due to the limited availability of real NVM devices, simulators play a crucial role in architectural exploration…

HPC applications pose high demands on I/O performance and storage capability. The emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) techniques offer low-latency, high bandwidth, and persistence for HPC applications. However, the existing I/O stack are…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-05-11 Wei Liu , Kai Wu , Jialin Liu , Feng Chen , Dong Li

Processing-in-memory (PIM) architectures have demonstrated great potential in accelerating numerous deep learning tasks. Particularly, resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices provide a promising hardware substrate to build PIM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-01 Weidong Cao , Yilong Zhao , Adith Boloor , Yinhe Han , Xuan Zhang , Li Jiang

Brain-inspired computing aims to mimic cognitive functions like associative memory, the ability to recall complete patterns from partial cues. Memristor technology offers promising hardware for such neuromorphic systems due to its potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Chengping He , Mingrui Jiang , Keyi Shan , Szu-Hao Yang , Zefan Li , Shengbo Wang , Giacomo Pedretti , Jim Ignowski , Can Li

With the staggering increase of edge compute applications like Internet-of-Things (IoT) and artificial intelligence (AI), the demand for fast, energy-efficient on-chip memory is growing. While the fast and mature static random-access memory…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Albi Mema , Simon Thomann , Narendra Singh Dhakad , Hussam Amrouch

The number of battery-powered devices is rapidly increasing due to the widespread use of IoT-enabled nodes in various fields. Energy harvesters, which help to power embedded devices, are a feasible alternative to replacing battery-powered…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-18 SatyaJaswanth Badri , Mukesh Saini , Neeraj Goel

The growing prevalence of data-intensive workloads, such as artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), high-performance computing (HPC), in-memory databases, and real-time analytics, has exposed limitations in conventional memory…