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The deductive closure of an ideal knowledge base (KB) contains exactly the logical queries that the KB can answer. However, in practice KBs are both incomplete and over-specified, failing to answer some queries that have real-world answers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-01 Haitian Sun , Andrew O. Arnold , Tania Bedrax-Weiss , Fernando Pereira , William W. Cohen

Reasoning over knowledge graphs (KGs) with first-order logic (FOL) queries is challenging due to the inherent incompleteness of real-world KGs and the compositional complexity of logical query structures. Most existing methods rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Ziyan Zhang , Chao Wang , Zhuo Chen , Lei Chen , Chiyi Li , Kai Song

Knowledge Graph (KG) embeddings provide a low-dimensional representation of entities and relations of a Knowledge Graph and are used successfully for various applications such as question answering and search, reasoning, inference, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Biswesh Mohapatra , Sumit Bhatia , Raghava Mutharaju , G. Srinivasaraghavan

Conventional Knowledge Graph Completion (KGC) assumes that all test entities appear during training. However, in real-world scenarios, Knowledge Graphs (KG) evolve fast with out-of-knowledge-graph (OOKG) entities added frequently, and we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Damai Dai , Hua Zheng , Fuli Luo , Pengcheng Yang , Baobao Chang , Zhifang Sui

The problem of knowledge graph (KG) reasoning has been widely explored by traditional rule-based systems and more recently by knowledge graph embedding methods. While logical rules can capture deterministic behavior in a KG they are brittle…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Susheel Suresh , Jennifer Neville

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems combine Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge, and their performance depends heavily on how that knowledge is represented. This study investigates how different Knowledge Graph…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Tiago da Cruz , Bernardo Tavares , Francisco Belo

Multi-hop logical reasoning is an established problem in the field of representation learning on knowledge graphs (KGs). It subsumes both one-hop link prediction as well as other more complex types of logical queries. Existing algorithms…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Dimitrios Alivanistos , Max Berrendorf , Michael Cochez , Mikhail Galkin

Ontology, and more broadly, Knowledge Graph Matching is a challenging task in which expressiveness has not been fully addressed. Despite the increasing use of embeddings and language models for this task, approaches for generating…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Guilherme Sousa , Rinaldo Lima , Cassia Trojahn

We study the problem of inducing interpretability in KG embeddings. Specifically, we explore the Universal Schema (Riedel et al., 2013) and propose a method to induce interpretability. There have been many vector space models proposed for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-12-12 Chandrahas , Tathagata Sengupta , Cibi Pragadeesh , Partha Pratim Talukdar

Knowledge graphs (KGs) play a crucial role in many applications, such as question answering, but incompleteness is an urgent issue for their broad application. Much research in knowledge graph completion (KGC) has been performed to resolve…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Yinyu Lan , Shizhu He , Kang Liu , Jun Zhao

In Knowledge Graphs (KGs), where the schema of the data is usually defined by particular ontologies, reasoning is a necessity to perform a range of tasks, such as retrieval of information, question answering, and the derivation of new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Anastasios Nentidis , Charilaos Akasiadis , Angelos Charalambidis , Alexander Artikis

In recent years, we have witnessed the proliferation of knowledge graphs (KG) in various domains, aiming to support applications like question answering, recommendations, etc. A frequent task when integrating knowledge from different KGs is…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Nikolaos Fanourakis , Vasilis Efthymiou , Dimitris Kotzinos , Vassilis Christophides

We consider the problem of finding plausible knowledge that is missing from a given ontology, as a generalisation of the well-studied taxonomy expansion task. One line of work treats this task as a Natural Language Inference (NLI) problem,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Na Li , Thomas Bailleux , Zied Bouraoui , Steven Schockaert

Knowledge Graphs (KGs) have found many applications in industry and academic settings, which in turn, have motivated considerable research efforts towards large-scale information extraction from a variety of sources. Despite such efforts,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Andrea Rossi , Donatella Firmani , Antonio Matinata , Paolo Merialdo , Denilson Barbosa

Knowledge graph (KG) alignment - the task of recognizing entities referring to the same thing in different KGs - is recognized as one of the most important operations in the field of KG construction and completion. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-16 Vinh Van Tong , Thanh Trung Huynh , Thanh Tam Nguyen , Hongzhi Yin , Quoc Viet Hung Nguyen , Quyet Thang Huynh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in text generation and understanding, yet their reliance on implicit, unstructured knowledge often leads to factual inaccuracies and limited interpretability. Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Qinggang Zhang

In recent years, knowledge graph embeddings have achieved great success. Many methods have been proposed and achieved state-of-the-art results in various tasks. However, most of the current methods present one or more of the following…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Yuhe Bai

Logical query answering over Knowledge Graphs (KGs) is a fundamental yet complex task. A promising approach to achieve this is to embed queries and entities jointly into the same embedding space. Research along this line suggests that using…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yuhan Wu , Yuanyuan Xu , Wenjie Zhang , Xiwei Xu , Ying Zhang

Ontologies are widely used for representing domain knowledge and meta data, playing an increasingly important role in Information Systems, the Semantic Web, Bioinformatics and many other domains. However, logical reasoning that ontologies…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jiaoyan Chen , Olga Mashkova , Fernando Zhapa-Camacho , Robert Hoehndorf , Yuan He , Ian Horrocks

The recent proliferation of knowledge graphs (KGs) coupled with incomplete or partial information, in the form of missing relations (links) between entities, has fueled a lot of research on knowledge base completion (also known as relation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Deepak Nathani , Jatin Chauhan , Charu Sharma , Manohar Kaul