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Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) methods allow for gigapixel Whole-Slide Image (WSI) analysis with only slide-level annotations. Interpretability is crucial for safely deploying such algorithms in high-stakes medical domains. Traditional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Susu Sun , Leslie Tessier , Frédérique Meeuwsen , Clément Grisi , Dominique van Midden , Geert Litjens , Christian F. Baumgartner

Whole-slide image (WSI) classification is a challenging task because 1) patches from WSI lack annotation, and 2) WSI possesses unnecessary variability, e.g., stain protocol. Recently, Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) has made significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Joohyung Lee , Heejeong Nam , Kwanhyung Lee , Sangchul Hahn

Segmentation in medical imaging is an essential and often preliminary task in the image processing chain, driving numerous efforts towards the design of robust segmentation algorithms. Supervised learning methods achieve excellent…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-03 Pierre Rougé , Pierre-Henri Conze , Nicolas Passat , Odyssée Merveille

In the clinical settings, during digital examination of histopathological slides, the pathologist annotate the slides by marking the rough boundary around the suspected tumour region. The marking or annotation is generally represented as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-23 Suvidha Tripathi , Satish Kumar Singh

Whole slide images (WSIs) in computational pathology (CPath) pose a major computational challenge due to their gigapixel scale, often requiring the processing of tens to hundreds of thousands of high-resolution patches per slide. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Yonghan Shin , SeungKyu Kim , Won-Ki Jeong

Whole slide image (WSI) analysis in digital pathology presents unique challenges due to the gigapixel resolution of WSIs and the scarcity of dense supervision signals. While Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) is a natural fit for slide-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Sofiène Boutaj , Marin Scalbert , Pierre Marza , Florent Couzinie-Devy , Maria Vakalopoulou , Stergios Christodoulidis

Whole slide pathology image classification presents challenges due to gigapixel image sizes and limited annotation labels, hindering model generalization. This paper introduces a prompt learning method to adapt large vision-language models…

Recent advances in whole-slide image (WSI) scanners and computational capabilities have significantly propelled the application of artificial intelligence in histopathology slide analysis. While these strides are promising, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Weiyi Wu , Chongyang Gao , Joseph DiPalma , Soroush Vosoughi , Saeed Hassanpour

Segmentation and classification of large numbers of instances, such as cell nuclei, are crucial tasks in digital pathology for accurate diagnosis. However, the availability of high-quality datasets for deep learning methods is often limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Laura Gálvez Jiménez , Christine Decaestecker

Computational pathology, which involves analyzing whole slide images for automated cancer diagnosis, relies on multiple instance learning, where performance depends heavily on the feature extractor and aggregator. Recent Pathology…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Conghao Xiong , Hao Chen , Joseph J. Y. Sung

Deep learning models have exhibited exceptional effectiveness in Computational Pathology (CPath) by tackling intricate tasks across an array of histology image analysis applications. Nevertheless, the presence of out-of-distribution data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-31 Mostafa Jahanifar , Manahil Raza , Kesi Xu , Trinh Vuong , Rob Jewsbury , Adam Shephard , Neda Zamanitajeddin , Jin Tae Kwak , Shan E Ahmed Raza , Fayyaz Minhas , Nasir Rajpoot

In digital pathology, Whole Slide Image (WSI) analysis is usually formulated as a Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) problem. Although transformer-based architectures have been used for WSI classification, these methods require modifications…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Juan I. Pisula , Katarzyna Bozek

Whole-slide image (WSI) analysis plays a crucial role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. In addressing the demands of this critical task, self-supervised learning (SSL) methods have emerged as a valuable resource, leveraging their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Gia-Bao Le , Van-Tien Nguyen , Trung-Nghia Le , Minh-Triet Tran

From the simple measurement of tissue attributes in pathology workflow to designing an explainable diagnostic/prognostic AI tool, access to accurate semantic segmentation of tissue regions in histology images is a prerequisite. However,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-31 Mostafa Jahanifar , Neda Zamani Tajeddin , Navid Alemi Koohbanani , Nasir Rajpoot

Digital pathology is not only one of the most promising fields of diagnostic medicine, but at the same time a hot topic for fundamental research. Digital pathology is not just the transfer of histopathological slides into digital…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-12-20 Andreas Holzinger , Bernd Malle , Peter Kieseberg , Peter M. Roth , Heimo Müller , Robert Reihs , Kurt Zatloukal

In computational pathology, multiple instance learning (MIL) is widely used to circumvent the computational impasse in giga-pixel whole slide image (WSI) analysis. It usually consists of two stages: patch-level feature extraction and…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-21 Beidi Zhao , Wenlong Deng , Zi Han , Li , Chen Zhou , Zuhua Gao , Gang Wang , Xiaoxiao Li

The complexity and variability inherent in high-resolution pathological images present significant challenges in computational pathology. While pathology foundation models leveraging AI have catalyzed transformative advancements, their…

Nuclei segmentation is a crucial task for whole slide image analysis in digital pathology. Generally, the segmentation performance of fully-supervised learning heavily depends on the amount and quality of the annotated data. However, it is…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-21 Yi Lin , Zhiyong Qu , Hao Chen , Zhongke Gao , Yuexiang Li , Lili Xia , Kai Ma , Yefeng Zheng , Kwang-Ting Cheng

Annotations are necessary to develop computer vision algorithms for histopathology, but dense annotations at a high resolution are often time-consuming to make. Deep learning models for segmentation are a way to alleviate the process, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Eduard Chelebian , Francesco Ciompi , Carolina Wählby

Diagnosing diseases through histopathology whole slide images (WSIs) is fundamental in modern pathology but is challenged by the gigapixel scale and complexity of WSIs. Trained histopathologists overcome this challenge by navigating the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Fatemeh Ghezloo , Mehmet Saygin Seyfioglu , Rustin Soraki , Wisdom O. Ikezogwo , Beibin Li , Tejoram Vivekanandan , Joann G. Elmore , Ranjay Krishna , Linda Shapiro