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The rise of large language models (LLMs) has revolutionized the way that we interact with artificial intelligence systems through natural language. However, LLMs often misinterpret user queries because of their uncertain intention, leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Jing-Cheng Pang , Heng-Bo Fan , Pengyuan Wang , Jia-Hao Xiao , Nan Tang , Si-Hang Yang , Chengxing Jia , Sheng-Jun Huang , Yang Yu

Due to the excellent capacities of large language models (LLMs), it becomes feasible to develop LLM-based agents for reliable user simulation. Considering the scarcity and limit (e.g., privacy issues) of real user data, in this paper, we…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Ruiyang Ren , Peng Qiu , Yingqi Qu , Jing Liu , Wayne Xin Zhao , Hua Wu , Ji-Rong Wen , Haifeng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping information retrieval by enabling interactive, generative, and inference-driven search. While traditional keyword-based search remains central to web and academic information access, it…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Zhitong Guan , Yi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in many languages beyond English. Yet, LLMs require more inference steps when generating non-English text due to their reliance on English-centric tokenizers and vocabulary,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Atsuki Yamaguchi , Aline Villavicencio , Nikolaos Aletras

Even the best information retrieval model cannot always identify the most useful answers to a user query. This is in particular the case with web search systems, where it is known that users tend to minimise their effort to access relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2009-06-23 B. Piwowarski , M. Lalmas

Language agents have demonstrated remarkable potential in web search and information retrieval. However, these search agents assume user queries are complete and unambiguous, an assumption that diverges from reality where users begin with…

The conversational search paradigm introduces a step change over the traditional search paradigm by allowing users to interact with search agents in a multi-turn and natural fashion. The conversation flows naturally and is usually centered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Mariana Leite , Rafael Ferreira , David Semedo , João Magalhães

Keyword-based searches are today's standard in digital libraries. Yet, complex retrieval scenarios like in scientific knowledge bases, need more sophisticated access paths. Although each document somewhat contributes to a domain's body of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Hermann Kroll , Pascal Sackhoff , Timo Breuer , Ralf Schenkel , Wolf-Tilo Balke

The advent of Large Language Models (LLMs) heralds a pivotal shift in online user interactions with information. Traditional Information Retrieval (IR) systems primarily relied on query-document matching, whereas LLMs excel in comprehending…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Samira Ghodratnama , Mehrdad Zakershahrak

In this work, we consider the problem of searching people in an unconstrained environment, with natural language descriptions. Specifically, we study how to systematically design an algorithm to effectively acquire descriptions from humans.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Vikram Shree , Wei-Lun Chao , Mark Campbell

With the rise of voice assistants and an increase in mobile search usage, natural language has become an important query language. So far, most of the current systems are not able to process these queries because of the vagueness and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-08-06 Andrea Papenmeier , Alfred Sliwa , Dagmar Kern , Daniel Hienert , Ahmet Aker , Norbert Fuhr

Large-language models (LLMs) can support a wide range of applications like conversational agents, creative writing or general query answering. However, they are ill-suited for query answering in high-stake domains like medicine because they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Nico Potyka , Yuqicheng Zhu , Yunjie He , Evgeny Kharlamov , Steffen Staab

The query suggestion or auto-completion mechanisms help users to type less while interacting with a search engine. A basic approach that ranks suggestions according to their frequency in the query logs is suboptimal. Firstly, many candidate…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2013-12-06 Eugene Kharitonov , Craig Macdonald , Pavel Serdyukov , Iadh Ounis

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to new and diverse knowledge is essential for their lasting effectiveness in real-world applications. This survey provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods for expanding the knowledge of LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Mingyang Wang , Alisa Stoll , Lukas Lange , Heike Adel , Hinrich Schütze , Jannik Strötgen

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced autonomous agents, particularly in zero-shot tool usage, also known as function calling. This research delves into enhancing the function-calling capabilities of LLMs by exploring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yi-Chang Chen , Po-Chun Hsu , Chan-Jan Hsu , Da-shan Shiu

Augmenting large language models (LLMs) with external retrieval has become a standard method to address their inherent knowledge cutoff limitations. However, traditional retrieval-augmented generation methods employ static, pre-inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu

Citation recommendation systems for the scientific literature, to help authors find papers that should be cited, have the potential to speed up discoveries and uncover new routes for scientific exploration. We treat this task as a ranking…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Rodrigo Nogueira , Zhiying Jiang , Kyunghyun Cho , Jimmy Lin

We propose a methodology that combines several advanced techniques in Large Language Model (LLM) retrieval to support the development of robust, multi-source question-answer systems. This methodology is designed to integrate information…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Antony Seabra , Claudio Cavalcante , Joao Nepomuceno , Lucas Lago , Nicolaas Ruberg , Sergio Lifschitz

Image search is an essential and user-friendly method to explore vast galleries of digital images. However, existing image search methods heavily rely on proximity measurements like tag matching or image similarity, requiring precise user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Yilin Ye , Qian Zhu , Shishi Xiao , Kang Zhang , Wei Zeng

In this paper, we present a method of building strong, explainable classifiers in the form of Boolean search rules. We developed an interactive environment called CASE (Computer Assisted Semantic Exploration) which exploits word…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Hannes Westermann , Jaromir Savelka , Vern R. Walker , Kevin D. Ashley , Karim Benyekhlef