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Quantum key distribution (QKD) refers to specific quantum strategies which permit the secure distribution of a secret key between two parties that wish to communicate secretly. Quantum cryptography has proven unconditionally secure in ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-14 C. Rodó , O. Romero-Isart , K. Eckert , A. Sanpera

We present a deterministic secure direct communication scheme via entanglement swapping, where a set of ordered maximally entangled three-particle states (GHZ states), initially shared by three spatially separated parties, Alice, Bob and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ting Gao , Feng-Li Yan , Zhi-Xi Wang

We present a quantum secure direct communication protocol where the channels are not maximally entangled states. The communication parties utilize decoy photons to check eavesdropping. After ensuring the security of the quantum channel, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-02-19 Jian Wang , Quan Zhang , Chao-jing Tang

Quantum network enables a variety of quantum information processing tasks, where multi-user quantum communication is one of the important objectives. Quantum cryptographic conferencing serves as an essential solution to establish secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Haotao Zhu , Zhenhua Li , Shuai Zhao , Xiaodan Lyu , Shihao Ru , Yizhi Huang , Zitong Xu , Rui Qu , Weibo Gao

Fiber-based distribution of triggered, entangled, single-photon pairs is a key requirement for the future development of terrestrial quantum networks. In this context, semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are promising candidates for…

Quantum secure data transfer is an important topic for quantum cyber security. We propose a scheme to realize quantum secure data transfer in the basis of quantum secure direct communication (QSDC). In this proposal, the transmitted data is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-05-20 Rui-Xia Wang

We present a novel scheme for controlled quantum secure communication (CQSC) using GHZ-like state. In this scheme, a trusted controller assists the users for achieving secure transmission of data between them. The dense coding technique is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-07-27 Jemy Geordy , Dintomon Joy , M Sabir

Quantum superdense coding protocols enhance channel capacity by using shared quantum entanglement between two users. The channel capacity can be as high as 2 when one uses entangled qubits. However, this limit can be surpassed by using…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-09 Xiao-Min Hu , Yu Guo , Bi-Heng Liu , Yun-Feng Huang , Chuan-Feng Li , Guang-Can Guo

Large-scale quantum communication networks are still a huge challenge due to the rate-distance limit of quantum key distribution (QKD). Recently, twin-field (TF) QKD has been proposed to overcome this limit. Here, we prove that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-21 Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

Distributing quantum state and entanglement between distant nodes is a crucial task in distributed quantum information processing on large-scale quantum networks. Quantum network coding provides an alternative solution for quantum state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-05 He Lu , Zheng-Da Li , Xu-Fei Yin , Rui Zhang , Xiao-Xu Fang , Li Li , Nai-Le Liu , Feihu Xu , Yu-Ao Chen , Jian-Wei Pan

Quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) is the technology to transmit secret information directly through a quantum channel without neither key nor ciphertext. It provides us with a secure communication structure that is fundamentally…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-05-21 Zeng-Rong Zhou , Yu-Bo Sheng , Peng-Hao Niu , Liu-Guo Yin , Gui-Lu Long

Quantum network facilitates the secure transmission of information between different users. Establishing communication links among multiple users in a scalable and efficient way is important for realizing a large-scale quantum network. Here…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-07 Wenjun Wen , Zhiyu Chen , Liangliang Lu , Wenhan Yan , Wenyi Xue , Peiyu Zhang , Yanqing Lu , Shining Zhu , Xiao-song Ma

Quantum Secure Direct Communication (QSDC) is an important branch of quantum cryptography, which enables the secure transmission of messages without prior key encryption. However, traditional quantum communication protocols rely on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-15 Nayana Das , Goutam Paul

Quantum computing and quantum communication, have been greatly developed in recent years and expected to contribute to quantum internet technologies, including cloud quantum computing and unconditionally secure communication. However,…

Robust quantum transmission is driving a new paradigm in space-ground quantum networking. Although phase encoding has been widely adopted in terrestrial fiber channels, it has long been considered unsuitable for free-space quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Ze-Zhou Sun , Yuan-Bin Cheng , Yu-Chen Liu , Jianxing Guo , Xiao-Tian Song , Wei Zhang , Dong Pan , Gui-Lu long

A deterministic direct quantum communication protocol by using swapping quantum entanglement and local unitary operations is proposed in this paper. A set of ordered EPR pairs in one of the four Bell states is used. For each pair, each of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Z. J. Zhang , Z. X. Man

Recently, Hwang et al. [Eur. Phys. J. D. 61, 785 (2011)] and Yuan et al. [Int. J. Theo. Phys. 50, 2403 (2011)] have proposed two efficient protocols of secure quantum communication using 3-qubit and 4-qubit symmetric W state respectively.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-04 Chitra Shukla , Anindita Banerjee , Anirban Pathak

Sharing information coherently between nodes of a quantum network is at the foundation of distributed quantum information processing. In this scheme, the computation is divided into subroutines and performed on several smaller quantum…

We present a quantum hyperdense coding protocol with hyperentanglement in polarization and spatial-mode degrees of freedom of photons first and then give the details for a quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol based on this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-03-11 Tie-Jun Wang , Tao Li , Fang-Fang Du , Fu-Guo Deng

We present a quantum key distribution (QKD) system based on polarisation entanglement for use in telecom fibers. A QKD exchange up to 50km was demonstrated in the laboratory with a secure key rate of 550 bit/s. The system is compact,…